View allAll Photos Tagged Limit 8
Algunos datos de interés:
En Colombia tenemos el 20.64% de todas las especies de mariposas del mundo, que son 18.771.
De la familia Nymphalidae hay 211 géneros en Colombia. De todos los géneros de mariposas que tenemos en el país (759), 27.8% pertenecen a esta familia.
En Colombia contamos con 1.210 especies de la familia Nymphalidae, que representan el 31.23% de las especies de mariposas de Colombia (3.874).
La familia Nymphalidae tiene en el planeta 6.152 especies que representan el 32.77% de todas las especies de mariposas del mundo, que ya dijimos, son 18.771.
Nuestro país aloja en su territorio el 19.67% de los Nymphalidae del planeta.
En Colombia hay 14 especies de la subfamilia Cyrestinae.
Datos tomados de la lista de chequeo de Buteerflycatalogs: bit.ly/3Pmr22J. Los datos del planeta provienen de Nieukerken et al (2011).
La Marpesia petreus, una mariposa de la familia Nymphalidae, subfamilia Cyrestinae, que tuve el placer de fotografiar en el jardín de mi casa de Pance, en Cali, Colombia. Ya le he compartido varias veces, pero no me aguanto la tentación de volver a fotografiarla cada que la veo.
Cuando la página de learnaboutbutterflies estaba activa, pude encontrar que "el género Marpesia se limita en gran medida a la región neotropical, pero está estrechamente relacionado con otras mariposas de la región oriental. Es bueno volver a decir que la forma de las alas de la Marpesia es similar a la de los integrantes de la familia Papilionidae, pero estas últimas tienen 6 patas, mientras que la Marpesia y todos los demás géneros de Nymphalidae tienen solo 4 patas. Otra característica a tener en cuenta son las antenas: en todos los Papiliónidos estas son recurvadas en la punta, pero en Marpesia son rectas".
"La Marpesia petreus tiene una forma de ala mucho más exagerada que las demás especies de Marpesia y se reconoce inmediatamente cuando se posa en el suelo. Sin embargo, cuando se la ve en vuelo puede confundirse fácilmente con Dryas iulia, que suele aparecer en los mismos hábitats".
"Este bicho se distribuye desde Florida hasta Bolivia y se encuentra en hábitats boscosos y forestales en zonas tropicales y subtropicales, a altitudes entre 0 y 1500 m. Es más común en altitudes más bajas y en bosques caducifolios".
Fuente (acudiendo al uso justo): www.learnaboutbutterflies.com/Amazon%20-%20Marpesia%20pet...
Fair use: "En general, se considera uso razonable la utilización de una obra con propósitos de crítica, realización de comentarios descriptivos, noticias, enseñanza (como en este caso) e investigación." es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uso_justo
Fort Lauderdale is a city in the U.S. state of Florida, 28 miles (45 km) north of Miami. It is the county seat of Broward County. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 165,521. It is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area, which was home to an estimated 6,012,331 people at the 2015 census.
The city is a popular tourist destination, with an average year-round temperature of 75.5 °F (24.2 °C) and 3,000 hours of sunshine per year. Greater Fort Lauderdale which takes in all of Broward County hosted 12 million visitors in 2012, including 2.8 million international visitors. The city and county in 2012 collected $43.9 million from the 5% hotel tax it charges, after hotels in the area recorded an occupancy rate for the year of 72.7 percent and an average daily rate of $114.48. The district has 561 hotels and motels comprising nearly 35,000 rooms. Forty-six cruise ships sailed from Port Everglades in 2012. Greater Fort Lauderdale has over 4,000 restaurants, 63 golf courses, 12 shopping malls, 16 museums, 132 nightclubs, 278 parkland campsites, and 100 marinas housing 45,000 resident yachts.
Fort Lauderdale is named after a series of forts built by the United States during the Second Seminole War. The forts took their name from Major William Lauderdale (1782–1838), younger brother of Lieutenant Colonel James Lauderdale. William Lauderdale was the commander of the detachment of soldiers who built the first fort. However, development of the city did not begin until 50 years after the forts were abandoned at the end of the conflict. Three forts named "Fort Lauderdale" were constructed; the first was at the fork of the New River, the second at Tarpon Bend on the New River between the Colee Hammock and Rio Vista neighborhoods, and the third near the site of the Bahia Mar Marina.
The area in which the city of Fort Lauderdale would later be founded was inhabited for more than two thousand years by the Tequesta Indians. Contact with Spanish explorers in the 16th century proved disastrous for the Tequesta, as the Europeans unwittingly brought with them diseases, such as smallpox, to which the native populations possessed no resistance. For the Tequesta, disease, coupled with continuing conflict with their Calusa neighbors, contributed greatly to their decline over the next two centuries. By 1763, there were only a few Tequesta left in Florida, and most of them were evacuated to Cuba when the Spanish ceded Florida to the British in 1763, under the terms of the Treaty of Paris (1763), which ended the Seven Years' War. Although control of the area changed between Spain, United Kingdom, the United States, and the Confederate States of America, it remained largely undeveloped until the 20th century.
The Fort Lauderdale area was known as the "New River Settlement" before the 20th century. In the 1830s there were approximately 70 settlers living along the New River. William Cooley, the local Justice of the Peace, was a farmer and wrecker, who traded with the Seminole Indians. On January 6, 1836, while Cooley was leading an attempt to salvage a wrecked ship, a band of Seminoles attacked his farm, killing his wife and children, and the children's tutor. The other farms in the settlement were not attacked, but all the white residents in the area abandoned the settlement, fleeing first to the Cape Florida Lighthouse on Key Biscayne, and then to Key West.
The first United States stockade named Fort Lauderdale was built in 1838, and subsequently was a site of fighting during the Second Seminole War. The fort was abandoned in 1842, after the end of the war, and the area remained virtually unpopulated until the 1890s. It was not until Frank Stranahan arrived in the area in 1893 to operate a ferry across the New River, and the Florida East Coast Railroad's completion of a route through the area in 1896, that any organized development began. The city was incorporated in 1911, and in 1915 was designated the county seat of newly formed Broward County.
Fort Lauderdale's first major development began in the 1920s, during the Florida land boom of the 1920s. The 1926 Miami Hurricane and the Great Depression of the 1930s caused a great deal of economic dislocation. In July 1935, an African-American man named Rubin Stacy was accused of robbing a white woman at knife point. He was arrested and being transported to a Miami jail when police were run off the road by a mob. A group of 100 white men proceeded to hang Stacy from a tree near the scene of his alleged robbery. His body was riddled with some twenty bullets. The murder was subsequently used by the press in Nazi Germany to discredit US critiques of its own persecution of Jews, Communists, and Catholics.
When World War II began, Fort Lauderdale became a major US base, with a Naval Air Station to train pilots, radar operators, and fire control operators. A Coast Guard base at Port Everglades was also established.
On July 4, 1961, African Americans started a series of protests, wade-ins, at beaches that were off-limits to them, to protest "the failure of the county to build a road to the Negro beach". On July 11, 1962, a verdict by Ted Cabot went against the city's policy of racial segregation of public beaches.
Today, Fort Lauderdale is a major yachting center, one of the nation's largest tourist destinations, and the center of a metropolitan division with 1.8 million people.
Credit for the data above is given to the following website:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Lauderdale,_Florida
© All Rights Reserved - you may not use this image in any form without my prior permission.
8.000.248 views...
Forse sono tante, anche se in parecchi anni, e ringrazio.
Penso solo curiosità, perché alla fine le stelline sono poche.
Dovrei migliorare un po'
Genova , cortile del Palazzo Ducale
Freedom is having a limit
Maine Northern Railway Train 901-31 departs the south cautionary limits for Oakfield as the crew heads for Millinocket. Due to a sun kink on the bridge at Oakfield, about 30 cars back a track foreman is walking 901-31 over at a snails pace. However once the train goes by, the engineer will gun it to get the train up to track speed to get over the hill at Dyer Brook.
Evidence of the ongoing trackwork can be seen between the tracks, with freshly dumped ballast waiting to be tamped and spread. At the time, MNR had completed dumping fresh ballast from Mile 109 (start of DOT ownership) to Oakfield, with two surfacing crews working out of Island Falls to get everything surfaced.
This part of the Madawaska Sub has seen extensive track work over the summer, with MNR running a good sized tie gang, as well as a rail gang which installed new 115LBS stick rail at various points between Oakfield and Island Falls, in addition to the surfacing work.
Maine Northern Railway
Train: 901-31
8/31/2024
Oakfield, ME
MDOT/MNR Madawaska Subdivision
Chapter 8
A Lure is Dangled
Before entering the ballroom, I stopped by the large, deserted foyer.
At the invite desk, I picked up one of the Manors’ embossed note pads.
Trying to reproduce a masculine hand, I quickly wrote down a mischievously inspired note:
Saw you sitting in the garden, such a naughty thing trespassing
If I saw you do it again, I would have to come over and lecture you.
Never should have helped you from the marble steps, if I had known.
Another dance, under the moonlit roses, by the fountain, is your punishment!
Me
I walked out onto the private terrace.
She was still seated, restlessly squirming a bit
I walked over, circling wide, I came upon her backside and touched her on the shoulder of her richly shimmering taffeta dress.
It most certainly was quite soft!
“Here, Luv, sorry, but a man… said you dropped this? “ I asked quizzically.
Puzzled, She took it and opened it…
I saw a light go on in her pretty, almost green, eyes!
As she looked up at me, I quickly took my own eyes off her exquisite sparkling jewels.
“Yes, this is mine, thank you.”
She took a look at her watch, it was an amazingly pretty thing, a solid gold Cartier that was also amazingly expensive.
I could feel my fingers begin to start tickling.
This was promising to be ever so much fun!
She rose, and thanking me again, placing a hand, with a finger holding a glittering cocktail ring, on my shoulder, thanking me as she said her goodbyes.
^^^^^^^^^
Now, allow me to explain the note:
Earlier, as I was tailing them, I had seen the two sneaking under a blue velvet rope stretched across an opening into one of the off-limit garden areas, for a quick peek around.
I had circled, and found a path through the woods leading me to the same garden’s edge!
From the shadows, I watched…
They had sat on a bench making out a bit, before heading back inside to dance.
This was where the note was intended to lead her.
That was where I intended to be also!
And as I watched, she was making her way back to the very place!
Brilliant I thought, this should be like taken candy from a baby, a richly dressed one at that!
^^^^^^^^^
American Oystercatcher
The American Oystercatchers are a group of waders forming the family Haematopodidae, which has a single genus, Haematopus. They are found on coasts worldwide apart from the Polar Regions and some tropical regions of Africa and South East Asia. The exception to this is the Eurasian Oystercatcher and the South Island Oystercatcher, both of which breed inland, far inland in some cases. In the past there has been a great deal of confusion as to the species limits, with discrete populations of all black oystercatchers being afforded specific status but pied oystercatchers being considered one single species.
The name Oystercatcher was coined by Mark Catesby in 1731 as a common name for the North American species H. Palliatus, described as eating oysters. Yarrell in 1843 established this as the preferred term, replacing the older name Sea Pie.
For more info: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oystercatcher
Información en WIKIPEDIA:
🇪🇸 Benalmádena
🇬🇧 Benalmádena
Tomada a 2 m.s.n.m.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
LMF:
LMF Embarcaciones (boats) (P1/C2) (2) ✔️
------------------------------------------------------------
LMF España (Spain) (P1/C2) (2) ✔️
LMF Andalucía (Andalusia) (P1/C2) ()
------------------------------------------------------------
LMF 250+ views (P1/C3) (4) ✔️
LMF 750+ views (P1/C3) (4) ✔️
LMF 3000+ views (P1/C3) ()
LMF 30+ faves (P1/C,F3) (4) ✔️
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++7
OTROS GRUPOS (CON):
3 after me ()
9 All (9) ✔️
------------------------------------------------------------
! 30-59 Faves (P1,A+F3) (5)
------------------------------------------------------------
Goal 1 [5] (6) ✔️
Goal 2 [5] (2)
Groupe Charlie 01 [5] (8) ✔️
Groupe Charlie 02 [5] (2) 🔺
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++7
OTROS GRUPOS (SIN):
ESCENAS URBANAS(URBAN SCENES) (3) ✔️
L'eau - The water (2) ✔️
------------------------------------------------------------
Coste e spiagge del Mar Mediterraneo (1) ✔️
Flickr en Español
Flickriver
Photography
Strictly GeoTagged (no 30/60 limit)
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++7
Pasos:
600, 1000, 2000, 3000
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++4
(0) Invitados - (0) Eliminados
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++0
ESP, AND, MA
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++25
Rome is the capital city of Italy. It is also the capital of the Lazio region, the centre of the Metropolitan City of Rome, and a special comune named Comune di Roma Capitale. With 2,860,009 residents in 1,285 km2 (496.1 sq mi), Rome is the country's most populated comune and the third most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. The Metropolitan City of Rome, with a population of 4,355,725 residents, is the most populous metropolitan city in Italy. Its metropolitan area is the third-most populous within Italy. Rome is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, within Lazio (Latium), along the shores of the Tiber. Vatican City (the smallest country in the world) is an independent country inside the city boundaries of Rome, the only existing example of a country within a city. Rome is often referred to as the City of Seven Hills due to its geographic location, and also as the "Eternal City". Rome is generally considered to be the "cradle of Western civilization and Christian culture", and the centre of the Catholic Church.
Rome's history spans 28 centuries. While Roman mythology dates the founding of Rome at around 753 BC, the site has been inhabited for much longer, making it a major human settlement for almost three millennia and one of the oldest continuously occupied cities in Europe. The city's early population originated from a mix of Latins, Etruscans, and Sabines. Eventually, the city successively became the capital of the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, and is regarded by many as the first-ever Imperial city and metropolis. It was first called The Eternal City (Latin: Urbs Aeterna; Italian: La Città Eterna) by the Roman poet Tibullus in the 1st century BC, and the expression was also taken up by Ovid, Virgil, and Livy. Rome is also called "Caput Mundi" (Capital of the World). After the fall of the Empire in the west, which marked the beginning of the Middle Ages, Rome slowly fell under the political control of the Papacy, and in the 8th century, it became the capital of the Papal States, which lasted until 1870. Beginning with the Renaissance, almost all popes since Nicholas V (1447–1455) pursued a coherent architectural and urban programme over four hundred years, aimed at making the city the artistic and cultural centre of the world. In this way, Rome became first one of the major centres of the Renaissance, and then the birthplace of both the Baroque style and Neoclassicism. Famous artists, painters, sculptors, and architects made Rome the centre of their activity, creating masterpieces throughout the city. In 1871, Rome became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy, which, in 1946, became the Italian Republic.
In 2019, Rome was the 14th most visited city in the world, with 8.6 million tourists, the third most visited in the European Union, and the most popular tourist destination in Italy. Its historic centre is listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. The host city for the 1960 Summer Olympics, Rome is also the seat of several specialised agencies of the United Nations, such as the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Food Programme (WFP) and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). The city also hosts the Secretariat of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) as well as the headquarters of many international businesses, such as Eni, Enel, TIM, Leonardo S.p.A., and national and international banks such as Unicredit and BNL. Rome's EUR business district is the home of many oil industries, the pharmaceutical industry, and financial services companies. The presence of renowned international brands in the city has made Rome an important centre of fashion and design, and the Cinecittà Studios have been the set of many Academy Award–winning movies.
Fort Lauderdale is a city in the U.S. state of Florida, 25 miles (40 km) north of Miami. It is the county seat of Broward County. As of the 2019 census, the city has an estimated population of 182,437. Fort Lauderdale is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area, which was home to an estimated 6,198,782 people in 2018.
The city is a popular tourist destination, with an average year-round temperature of 75.5 °F (24.2 °C) and 3,000 hours of sunshine per year. Greater Fort Lauderdale which takes in all of Broward County hosted 12 million visitors in 2012, including 2.8 million international visitors. The city and county in 2012 collected $43.9 million from the 5% hotel tax it charges, after hotels in the area recorded an occupancy rate for the year of 72.7 percent and an average daily rate of $114.48. The district has 561 hotels and motels comprising nearly 35,000 rooms. Forty six cruise ships sailed from Port Everglades in 2012. Greater Fort Lauderdale has over 4,000 restaurants, 63 golf courses, 12 shopping malls, 16 museums, 132 nightclubs, 278 parkland campsites, and 100 marinas housing 45,000 resident yachts.
Fort Lauderdale is named after a series of forts built by the United States during the Second Seminole War. The forts took their name from Major William Lauderdale (1782–1838), younger brother of Lieutenant Colonel James Lauderdale. William Lauderdale was the commander of the detachment of soldiers who built the first fort. However, development of the city did not begin until 50 years after the forts were abandoned at the end of the conflict. Three forts named "Fort Lauderdale" were constructed; the first was at the fork of the New River, the second at Tarpon Bend on the New River between the Colee Hammock and Rio Vista neighborhoods, and the third near the site of the Bahia Mar Marina.
The area in which the city of Fort Lauderdale would later be founded was inhabited for more than two thousand years by the Tequesta Indians. Contact with Spanish explorers in the 16th century proved disastrous for the Tequesta, as the Europeans unwittingly brought with them diseases, such as smallpox, to which the native populations possessed no resistance. For the Tequesta, disease, coupled with continuing conflict with their Calusa neighbors, contributed greatly to their decline over the next two centuries. By 1763, there were only a few Tequesta left in Florida, and most of them were evacuated to Cuba when the Spanish ceded Florida to the British in 1763, under the terms of the Treaty of Paris (1763), which ended the Seven Years' War. Although control of the area changed between Spain, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Confederate States of America, it remained largely undeveloped until the 20th century.
The Fort Lauderdale area was known as the "New River Settlement" before the 20th century. In the 1830s there were approximately 70 settlers living along the New River. William Cooley, the local Justice of the Peace, was a farmer and wrecker, who traded with the Seminole Indians. On January 6, 1836, while Cooley was leading an attempt to salvage a wrecked ship, a band of Seminoles attacked his farm, killing his wife and children, and the children's tutor. The other farms in the settlement were not attacked, but all the white residents in the area abandoned the settlement, fleeing first to the Cape Florida Lighthouse on Key Biscayne, and then to Key West.
The first United States stockade named Fort Lauderdale was built in 1838, and subsequently was a site of fighting during the Second Seminole War. The fort was abandoned in 1842, after the end of the war, and the area remained virtually unpopulated until the 1890s. It was not until Frank Stranahan arrived in the area in 1893 to operate a ferry across the New River, and the Florida East Coast Railroad's completion of a route through the area in 1896, that any organized development began. The city was incorporated in 1911, and in 1915 was designated the county seat of newly formed Broward County.
Fort Lauderdale's first major development began in the 1920s, during the Florida land boom of the 1920s. The 1926 Miami Hurricane and the Great Depression of the 1930s caused a great deal of economic dislocation. In July 1935, an African-American man named Rubin Stacy was accused of robbing a white woman at knife point. He was arrested and being transported to a Miami jail when police were run off the road by a mob. A group of 100 white men proceeded to hang Stacy from a tree near the scene of his alleged robbery. His body was riddled with some twenty bullets. The murder was subsequently used by the press in Nazi Germany to discredit US critiques of its own persecution of Jews, Communists, and Catholics.
When World War II began, Fort Lauderdale became a major US base, with a Naval Air Station to train pilots, radar operators, and fire control, operators. A Coast Guard base at Port Everglades was also established.
On July 4, 1961, African Americans started a series of protests, wade-ins, at beaches that were off-limits to them, to protest "the failure of the county to build a road to the Negro beach". On July 11, 1962, a verdict by Ted Cabot went against the city's policy of racial segregation of public beaches.
Today, Fort Lauderdale is a major yachting center, one of the nation's largest tourist destinations, and the center of a metropolitan division with 1.8 million people.
Credit for the data above is given to the following website:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Lauderdale,_Florida
© All Rights Reserved - you may not use this image in any form without my prior permission.
taken in almost no light, this shot really tested all my equipment to the limit.
.
ISO 800, f1.8, hand-held at 1/30th of a second.
.
lots of jpeg artifacts and weird shadows, but still it was worth taking because i love this kind of atmosphere.
.
Ethiopia (Abisinia), África pura
© All rights reserved. © Copyright.
Do not use my photography withaut my permision.
Viaje de 8 días por Ethiopia. Empezamos por el Norte, el desierto, la Depresión de Danakil, el lugar más caluroso del planeta, dominado por la etnia Afar, para posteriormente bajar al Sur, la sabana, verde, el Valle del Rio Omo, visitando diferentes etnias: Dorze, Konso, Dassanech y Hamer. Extenuante pero corto, muy corto.
Ethiopia (Abisinia, el Reino de Saba en la Biblia) es un lugar inhóspito y no preparado para el turismo y debes contar con una agencia que organice tu aventura (yo fui con Karibu, www.kaett.com). Ethiopia limita con países en conflicto y en los desplazamientos por el Norte, el desierto, Danakil, estarás acompañado por policía o milicianos armados, además de guía, cocinero, pinche y conductores.
Primer día, llegamos mi mujer y yo, a primeros de Mayo, época no turística debido al calor, a Addis Ababa, con Ethiopian Airlines, para enlazar con un vuelo regional a Makele. En Makele montamos en 4x4 para desplazarnos a Dallol, zona desértica con temperaturas de noche 26 y día 45ºC. Dormimos de acampada, al aire libre sobre camastros, junto con todos nuestros acompañantes, el viento y millones de estrellas. El calor, agobiante, Mayo no es el mejor mes para visitar Danakil. Antes de dormir vislumbramos las caravanas de camellos trasportando la sal depositada en el desierto al secarse un mar interior miles de años atrás. También visitamos las salinas infinitas, disfrutamos de una puesta de Sol con reflejos, única.
El segundo día visitamos la Puerta del Infierno, una zona donde la tierra expulsa compuestos de azufre continuamente y donde se han generado unos cráteres freáticos únicos en el mundo, de una extraordinaria belleza y colorido. Andábamos sobre cristales de azufre y óxidos metálicos que crujían bajo nuestros pies. Al terminar la jornada las zapatillas habían pasado a mejor vida. Siempre acompañados por un Kalashnikova AK 47. Llegar hasta allí en un 4x4 sobre las salinas infinitas, con 20 cm de agua sobre la superficie y a 10 km/h durante 2 o 3 hrs, sin llegar nunca, sin ver fondo bajo las ruedas, es uno de los muchos gratos recuerdos que nos ha proporcionado esta superaventura. Más tarde visitamos a los Afar durante su trabajo diario, cortar bloques de sal de 30x40x8 cm que se cargarán sobre los camellos para transportarlos en caravanas infinitas. Aquí todo es infinito. Trabajan bajo un Sol abrasador, pero aunque el Gobierno les ofrece mecanizar la explotación, los Afar no lo permiten, temen perder su forma de vida. Ya no sé dónde dormimos, quizás en Dodhom, donde mataron un cabrito para cenar.
El tercer día pretendíamos subir por la noche al Erta Ale, volcán activo con una caldera de magma en ebullición. Al llegar al campo base para gestionar permisos y más y más acompañantes, las temperaturas habían subido a 52ºC. Esta es la zona más caliente de la Tierra y el espesor de la corteza terrestre es el más estrecho de todos los continentes. De hecho esta es la zona del Rift, donde el cuerno de África se escindirá del continente en algunos miles de años. Estamos 110m por debajo del nivel del mar. Mi mujer sufrió un pequeño golpe de calor mientras tratábamos de comer algo a 52ºC y por prudencia descartamos subir al Arte Ale, lo dejamos, o mejor dicho, lo dejaré para un próximo viaje. Se suben 10Km andando por la noche durante unas 4 horas y se duerme en la caldera, tomando fotos del magma durante la noche, para bajar a primera hora de la mañana, antes de que el Sol abrase.. Así las cosas, decidimos volver a Makele (necesitábamos hotel y descanso) pero de camino visitamos un pequeño lago encantador, quizás el lago Bakili, junto a las salinas, dado que el cambio de planes no nos permitiría ya visitar el Lago Afdera de aguas color esmeralda.
El cuarto día, improvisando, desde Makele hicimos una visita a una de las miles iglesias en Ethiopia excavadas en la roca, donde el prior nos abrió y atendió con sumo cariño, y posteriormente visitamos la Misión del Padre Ángel, amigo Vasco que realiza una labor extraordinaria en la zona. El Padre Ángel (www. Angelolaran.com) aparenta muchos más años de los que tiene, eso es debido sin duda a una larga vida de sufrimiento. Nos invitó a comer en la misión pero tuvimos que descartarlo para volver a Makele y tomar vuelo a Addis Ababa, también queda pendiente para un próximo viaje. A la vuelta enviamos un donativo a la Misión, ese país y Ángel necesitan de toda nuestra ayuda.
Quinto día, desde Addis Ababa tomamos un 4x4 para desplazarnos hacia el Sur, rico en Etnias, poblados, tribus, que nos iban a enamorar. Ni que decir tiene que a estas alturas ya me había convertido en un maestro de la fotografía en desplazamiento, a 80 Km/h en 4x4 se obtienen, a 1/2000s, unas fotografías impagables, las carreteras están llenas de vida y de color. Por la tarde llegamos a Arba Minch, donde habitan los Dorze, a una cota de 3.200m , en sus casas de bambú. Las chozas, de unos 40m2 pueden incluso transportarse con ayuda de 60 personas cuando las termitas se comen la base de sus troncos. Tienen la apariencia de la cabeza de un elefante. Esa noche dormimos en el Paradise Lodge, recomendable, en una cabaña con vistas a los lagos Abaya y Chamo. Estábamos muertos, no hice fotos de la vía láctea y no me lo perdonaré nunca, pero conseguí unos amaneceres únicos.
Sexto día, de nuevo en 4x4 y 1/2000s. Nos desplazamos a las tierras altas donde habita la Etnia Konso, en el rio Segen. Los Konso son la tribu más organizada y han sido reconocidos como Patrimonio de la Humanidad por Unesco. Un ejemplo, la piedra de la verdad, donde ante el Consejo del Pueblo ningún vecino se atrevería a mentir influenciado por un temor ancestral a sufrir los peores males como consecuencia de mentir mientras se está de pie sobre esa piedra. La visita a su poblado es indescriptible, una sociedad muy avanzada con un nivel jerárquico bien asumido y una socialización envidiable. Después, desplazamiento a la zona de Turmi, donde empezamos a cruzarnos con los Hamer, pintados con barro en el pelo y acompañados de collares de conchas. Dormimos en el Busca Lodge, con generador eléctrico que arranca de 6 a 9, eso sí, por la mañana y por la noche.
Séptimo día, cruzando el rio Omo en piragua (tronco de árbol vaciado) para visitar a los nómadas Dassanech. ¡Qué encanto!. Nos recibieron con sus bailes y pasamos la mañana de su mano, sí, nos llevaban de la mano mientras nos enseñaban su poblado. Sus poblados se caracterizan por el uso de chapa de lata para cubrir sus chozas, ese material que les han traído los Dioses les permite que la vida de su choza se alargue por varios años, además de mantenerlas secas, maravillas de la tecnología. Unos globos y caramelos son el regalo más apreciado por los niños. Por la tarde visita al mercado de Turmi, donde los Hamer y otras tribus se dan cita para intercambiar sus productos (grano, ganado, madera trabajada,...). Más tarde, casi a la puesta de Sol visitamos un poblado Hamer. De chozas con vallado para los animales. Igual de encantadores que los Dassenech, solo nos atendieron los niños, los adultos vienen andando desde el mercado de Turmi. Los niños te piden 5 Birs (0.20€) por cada foto que les haces (íbamos armados con fajos de billetes de 5, claro), el capitalismo está llegando para quedarse. Sonrisas y bromas continuamente, inolvidable. De nuevo al hotel con acotado horario para la ducha.
Octavo día, 4x4 a Arba Minch y vuelo regional a Addis Ababa, con shopping y cena étnica para tomar vuelo de nuevo para Madrid (Ida y vuelta nocturna).
Algún bajón de tensión, golpes de calor, catarros por el A/A del 4x4, diarrea (posiblemente el contacto con los billetes viejos contaminados con todo tipo de gérmenes), pero desde ya, contando ansioso los días que faltan para volver de nuevo. Bendita África pura.
380 imágenes para enmarcar y el 24-120mm muerto, no enfoca, directamente a Nikon...
File: 2017003-0168 (976)
Previously scaled down size of 1162 x 778 replaced with full size of 3872 x 2592 (Limit of Nikon D200), and cropped closer.
Cardiff Met Archers vs Nottingham Wildcats, Women’s British Basketball League (WBBL) game on Saturday 14th October 2017. Game was played at the Archers Arena, Cardiff Metropolitan University, in Cardiff, Wales (Cyrmu), United Kingdom, during the 2017-18 season.
About the photograph.
This is one of the Nottingham Wildcats players (seen on the left) attempting to dibble closer and hope to take a shoot at the basket, while the Cardiff Met Archers player wearing jersey number 9, attempts to move into defensive position.
This shot was taken with a 28-200mm f 3.8 zoom lens, set at F-stop of f 5.3 at the 82mm length. The ISO was set as high as the Nikon D200 can manage at ISO 3200.
At that time, the arena did not have strong bright indoor lights, unlike the newly redeveloped arena as seen in my photos of the 2022-23 season. It was as best as I could manage. The reason why my later photos looked better is because I used a fast 50mm lens, shot from courtside, in brighter lights.
The photo was cropped in Adobe Lightroom for a closer capture of the action.
The game ended with Archers 73 – 78 Wildcats.
About the teams.
The Wales based Cardiff Met Archers started in 1999, as a university basketball team. They have about 19 different teams, range from Under-10s to Seniors, and men’s teams as well as women’s teams.
The women’s senior team (seen here in the photograph) is the only team in a top-level elite franchise-based league. They joined the Women’s British Basketball League when it was first set up in 2014, and to date, are still in the WBBL.
The Nottingham Wildcats is an English women’s basketball team based in Nottingham, England, and was founded in 1976. As a successful team in the English Women’s Basketball League, the Wildcats became one of the founding members of the WBBL.
They had two Championships in the 2015-16 and 2016-17 seasons, and also won the WBBL Cup during the 2017-18 season.
The Women’s British Basketball League is a top-level franchised based basketball league in the United Kingdom, and a sister to the men’s British Basketball League (BBL). It was announced in June 2014 and started with the 2014-15 season.
Weather wasn't too shabby looking, so Stephen Oachs and I made our way over to Yosemite National Park for some shooting at Mono Lake and the Eastern Sierra. Coming into Yosemite NP for the first time was quite an exiting experience for me and it shouldn't be the last one over the course of a week. After checking the conditions on Mono at sunset and deciding not to shoot at all, we enjoyed the comfort of the MoHo to set the plan for the next few days. After some research and frantically checking the weather report for clouds, we decided to push our luck to the limits and hike up to Cathedral Peak for sunset. This is where things start to get a little uncertain, not to say stupid.
We read every possible map and trail report, we could find online and after a 15 minute power nap, it was time to start hiking. Gear? Prepped. Bug spray? Packed. Plenty of water, Gatorade and some energy bars? In the backpack they go. Let's get going. It's 3pm when we started on the Tuolumne Meadows trailhead up to the Cathedral Lakes at roughly 8,600ft., which supposedly is a 3.5 mile, easy hike with a moderate elevation gain (1,100+ ft.) according to most hiking websites. After the first .2 miles, we both were sure, this wasn't going to be easy. Steep switchbacks, packed with stairs and logs made us almost regret the decision to get up there but skies kept looking promising, so we kept hiking.
It wasn't another .2 miles into the steep ascent, we realized we forgot the most important gadget you can have in Yosemite... bear mace! Shit! We keep arguing... How likely is it to be attacked by a black bear? Should we turn around and get the bear mace, just in case and miss the opportunity to make it up to Upper Cathedral Lake in time for sunset? Or should we push stupidity to a new level and keep going? ...and most importantly for me, can I outrun Stephen?
Having climbed the first set of serpentine set of stairs, there's no way of going back to get the mace and we continue to sweat our butts off, in the scorching sun at high elevation, slowly but surely wetting our pants in anticipation of a bear ripping our heads off. Two hours later, after even more steep twists and turns in the trail, we finally reach Upper Cathedral Lake.... great! We have no clue how we made it nor why the descriptions say the hike is easy but we're there. Now we just have to get around the lake, get up on the granite boulders, set up and spend another hour waiting for the right light. Score!
We are now facing Cathedral Peak, the lake is dead calm but we are still not where we want to be. We need to get higher! Done deal, up the rocks we go. No way! This is not going to work.... we can't get any higher without serious climbing gear. Down the slippery granite we go, passing a mule deer and fawn on the shore of the lake and getting up on the other set of boulders. Here is where part one of the most fun part of the day starts. The first two or three sets were easy, compared to what we would encounter later. So we keep going, seeing the light getting better and better and feeling more and more weariness growing in us. We kept telling ourselves that we made it that far, we can't quit now. We're no quitters. The boulders do not seem to end and to get to the desired spot, we have to go all the way up and all the down, just to get around deep drops and to hop over 60ft. crevasses; with our lives depending on a 5 inch pine stem growing out of one of the drops.
We made it to the desired spot, about 150ft. above the lake and at an elevation of 9,716ft. (+/- 32ft. according to Stephen's iPhone). Overlooking Upper Cathedral Lake with the reflection of Cathedral Peak was quite a sight by its own but having some nice clouds made all the hassle to get up there even more worth it.
In the next episode of "Men vs. Fear Bear", all about the descent.
It's up! Check it out => HERE!
Edit: Replaced the image because I noticed the white balance was a little off. Processing in the MoHo atop the Mono Lake Vista Point with a bright side light might not be the best location to edit your images. So there.
Fort Lauderdale is a city in the U.S. state of Florida, 25 miles (40 km) north of Miami. It is the county seat of Broward County. As of the 2019 census, the city has an estimated population of 182,437. Fort Lauderdale is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area, which was home to an estimated 6,198,782 people in 2018.
The city is a popular tourist destination, with an average year-round temperature of 75.5 °F (24.2 °C) and 3,000 hours of sunshine per year. Greater Fort Lauderdale which takes in all of Broward County hosted 12 million visitors in 2012, including 2.8 million international visitors. The city and county in 2012 collected $43.9 million from the 5% hotel tax it charges, after hotels in the area recorded an occupancy rate for the year of 72.7 percent and an average daily rate of $114.48. The district has 561 hotels and motels comprising nearly 35,000 rooms. Forty six cruise ships sailed from Port Everglades in 2012. Greater Fort Lauderdale has over 4,000 restaurants, 63 golf courses, 12 shopping malls, 16 museums, 132 nightclubs, 278 parkland campsites, and 100 marinas housing 45,000 resident yachts.
Fort Lauderdale is named after a series of forts built by the United States during the Second Seminole War. The forts took their name from Major William Lauderdale (1782–1838), younger brother of Lieutenant Colonel James Lauderdale. William Lauderdale was the commander of the detachment of soldiers who built the first fort. However, development of the city did not begin until 50 years after the forts were abandoned at the end of the conflict. Three forts named "Fort Lauderdale" were constructed; the first was at the fork of the New River, the second at Tarpon Bend on the New River between the Colee Hammock and Rio Vista neighborhoods, and the third near the site of the Bahia Mar Marina.
The area in which the city of Fort Lauderdale would later be founded was inhabited for more than two thousand years by the Tequesta Indians. Contact with Spanish explorers in the 16th century proved disastrous for the Tequesta, as the Europeans unwittingly brought with them diseases, such as smallpox, to which the native populations possessed no resistance. For the Tequesta, disease, coupled with continuing conflict with their Calusa neighbors, contributed greatly to their decline over the next two centuries. By 1763, there were only a few Tequesta left in Florida, and most of them were evacuated to Cuba when the Spanish ceded Florida to the British in 1763, under the terms of the Treaty of Paris (1763), which ended the Seven Years' War. Although control of the area changed between Spain, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Confederate States of America, it remained largely undeveloped until the 20th century.
The Fort Lauderdale area was known as the "New River Settlement" before the 20th century. In the 1830s there were approximately 70 settlers living along the New River. William Cooley, the local Justice of the Peace, was a farmer and wrecker, who traded with the Seminole Indians. On January 6, 1836, while Cooley was leading an attempt to salvage a wrecked ship, a band of Seminoles attacked his farm, killing his wife and children, and the children's tutor. The other farms in the settlement were not attacked, but all the white residents in the area abandoned the settlement, fleeing first to the Cape Florida Lighthouse on Key Biscayne, and then to Key West.
The first United States stockade named Fort Lauderdale was built in 1838, and subsequently was a site of fighting during the Second Seminole War. The fort was abandoned in 1842, after the end of the war, and the area remained virtually unpopulated until the 1890s. It was not until Frank Stranahan arrived in the area in 1893 to operate a ferry across the New River, and the Florida East Coast Railroad's completion of a route through the area in 1896, that any organized development began. The city was incorporated in 1911, and in 1915 was designated the county seat of newly formed Broward County.
Fort Lauderdale's first major development began in the 1920s, during the Florida land boom of the 1920s. The 1926 Miami Hurricane and the Great Depression of the 1930s caused a great deal of economic dislocation. In July 1935, an African-American man named Rubin Stacy was accused of robbing a white woman at knife point. He was arrested and being transported to a Miami jail when police were run off the road by a mob. A group of 100 white men proceeded to hang Stacy from a tree near the scene of his alleged robbery. His body was riddled with some twenty bullets. The murder was subsequently used by the press in Nazi Germany to discredit US critiques of its own persecution of Jews, Communists, and Catholics.
When World War II began, Fort Lauderdale became a major US base, with a Naval Air Station to train pilots, radar operators, and fire control, operators. A Coast Guard base at Port Everglades was also established.
On July 4, 1961, African Americans started a series of protests, wade-ins, at beaches that were off-limits to them, to protest "the failure of the county to build a road to the Negro beach". On July 11, 1962, a verdict by Ted Cabot went against the city's policy of racial segregation of public beaches.
Today, Fort Lauderdale is a major yachting center, one of the nation's largest tourist destinations, and the center of a metropolitan division with 1.8 million people.
Credit for the data above is given to the following website:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Lauderdale,_Florida
© All Rights Reserved - you may not use this image in any form without my prior permission.
This photograph captures a breathtaking view from the Black Butte Trail in Shasta-Trinity National Forest. The image is framed by the rocky and boulder-filled hiking trail on the left, leading the viewer’s eye to the west. The composition contrasts the mountainside with the a spruce and evergreen forest, complemented by the blue skies. The striking contrast between the two elements enhances the visual impact of the photograph. To achieve the desired effect, I carefully metered the image to prevent overexposure of the highlights in the upper right corner. Post-production allowed me to refine the shadowed areas without introducing significant color cast.
Gente, quero pedir desculpas por não comentar com frequência nas fotos de vocês. Minha internet aqui faz com que eu fique bem limitado.
Barcelona. Catalonia.
Check it out my Portfolio: GETTY IMAGES
Maybe you like this: / Facebook / Instagram
Barcelona (English /bɑrsɨˈloʊnə/, Catalan: [bərsəˈɫonə], Spanish: [barθeˈlona]) is a Spanish city, capital of the autonomous community of Catalonia and the second largest city in the country, with a population of 1,620,943[1] within its administrative limits. The urban area of Barcelona extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 4.5 million,[2][3] being the sixth-most populous urban area in the European Union after Paris, London, the Ruhr, Madrid and Milan. About five million[4][5][6][7][8] people live in the Barcelona metropolitan area. It is also the largest metropolis on the Mediterranean Sea. It is located on the Mediterranean coast between the mouths of the rivers Llobregat and Besòs and is bounded to the west by the Serra de Collserola ridge (512 metres (1,680 ft)).
Okay, okay, I know that this round of Rewind is supposed to be Y2K but just LOOK at this outfit. Is this not disco? Granted, a ton of stuff is disco in my mind even when it's not, but like, this is SO disco, imo, and disco is a legit weakness, y'all. Now who wants to dance with me?
[Outfit by PLASTIX @ REWIND Y2K
Hair by Truth @ mainstore
Necklace by RealEvil Industries (gift at FaMESHed in 2017)
Body glitter appliers by Izzie's @mainstore
Eyeshadow appliers by Adored @ mainstore
Lip appliers by JUMO @ mainstore
Nail appliers by Plastik @ mainstore
Background by Shogun @ Limit8 February 2018
Pose by Gingerfish Poses @ mainstore]
Esta foto está realizada con el modo de alta resolución que incorpora la cámara, al disparar el sensor se mueve medio píxel en distintas direcciones para hacer 8 fotos que después se interpolan para formar una solo foto de 80 mpx, esto está muy bien si quieres tener una foto de gran tamaño, pero el modo tiene la limitación de no poder cerrar el diafragma por encima de f8. En este caso quise utilizar la hiperfocal para mantener todos los elementos a foco, pero no pudo ser, pues al tener un punto de vista tan bajo perdía foco en el primer plano, por lo que decidí sacrificar un poco los elementos del fondo. Podría haber hecho dos fotos con distinto foco y hacer un apilado, pero solo hice una. Son 8 fotos de 20 segundos por lo que hacen un total de 160 segundo. (_AAC8027-VP)
This photo is taken with the high resolution mode that the camera incorporates, when shooting the sensor it moves half a pixel in different directions to take 8 photos that are then interpolated to form a single 80 mpx photo, this is very good if you want to have a large photo, but the mode has the limitation of not being able to close the aperture above f8. In this case I wanted to use the hyperfocal to keep all the elements in focus, but it couldn't be, because having such a low point of view I lost focus in the foreground, so I decided to sacrifice the elements in the background a bit. I could have taken two photos with different focus and made a stack, but I only took one. There are 8 photos of 20 seconds for what they make a total of 160 seconds
Ethiopia (Abisinia), África pura
© All rights reserved. © Copyright.
Do not use my photography withaut my permision.
Viaje de 8 días por Ethiopia. Empezamos por el Norte, el desierto, la Depresión de Danakil, el lugar más caluroso del planeta, dominado por la etnia Afar, para posteriormente bajar al Sur, la sabana, verde, el Valle del Rio Omo, visitando diferentes etnias: Dorze, Konso, Dassanech y Hamer. Extenuante pero corto, muy corto.
Ethiopia (Abisinia, el Reino de Saba en la Biblia) es un lugar inhóspito y no preparado para el turismo y debes contar con una agencia que organice tu aventura (yo fui con Karibu, www.kaett.com). Ethiopia limita con países en conflicto y en los desplazamientos por el Norte, el desierto, Danakil, estarás acompañado por policía o milicianos armados, además de guía, cocinero, pinche y conductores.
Primer día, llegamos mi mujer y yo, a primeros de Mayo, época no turística debido al calor, a Addis Ababa, con Ethiopian Airlines, para enlazar con un vuelo regional a Makele. En Makele montamos en 4x4 para desplazarnos a Dallol, zona desértica con temperaturas de noche 26 y día 45ºC. Dormimos de acampada, al aire libre sobre camastros, junto con todos nuestros acompañantes, el viento y millones de estrellas. El calor, agobiante, Mayo no es el mejor mes para visitar Danakil. Antes de dormir vislumbramos las caravanas de camellos trasportando la sal depositada en el desierto al secarse un mar interior miles de años atrás. También visitamos las salinas infinitas, disfrutamos de una puesta de Sol con reflejos, única.
El segundo día visitamos la Puerta del Infierno, una zona donde la tierra expulsa compuestos de azufre continuamente y donde se han generado unos cráteres freáticos únicos en el mundo, de una extraordinaria belleza y colorido. Andábamos sobre cristales de azufre y óxidos metálicos que crujían bajo nuestros pies. Al terminar la jornada las zapatillas habían pasado a mejor vida. Siempre acompañados por un Kalashnikova AK 47. Llegar hasta allí en un 4x4 sobre las salinas infinitas, con 20 cm de agua sobre la superficie y a 10 km/h durante 2 o 3 hrs, sin llegar nunca, sin ver fondo bajo las ruedas, es uno de los muchos gratos recuerdos que nos ha proporcionado esta superaventura. Más tarde visitamos a los Afar durante su trabajo diario, cortar bloques de sal de 30x40x8 cm que se cargarán sobre los camellos para transportarlos en caravanas infinitas. Aquí todo es infinito. Trabajan bajo un Sol abrasador, pero aunque el Gobierno les ofrece mecanizar la explotación, los Afar no lo permiten, temen perder su forma de vida. Ya no sé dónde dormimos, quizás en Dodhom, donde mataron un cabrito para cenar.
El tercer día pretendíamos subir por la noche al Erta Ale, volcán activo con una caldera de magma en ebullición. Al llegar al campo base para gestionar permisos y más y más acompañantes, las temperaturas habían subido a 52ºC. Esta es la zona más caliente de la Tierra y el espesor de la corteza terrestre es el más estrecho de todos los continentes. De hecho esta es la zona del Rift, donde el cuerno de África se escindirá del continente en algunos miles de años. Estamos 110m por debajo del nivel del mar. Mi mujer sufrió un pequeño golpe de calor mientras tratábamos de comer algo a 52ºC y por prudencia descartamos subir al Arte Ale, lo dejamos, o mejor dicho, lo dejaré para un próximo viaje. Se suben 10Km andando por la noche durante unas 4 horas y se duerme en la caldera, tomando fotos del magma durante la noche, para bajar a primera hora de la mañana, antes de que el Sol abrase.. Así las cosas, decidimos volver a Makele (necesitábamos hotel y descanso) pero de camino visitamos un pequeño lago encantador, quizás el lago Bakili, junto a las salinas, dado que el cambio de planes no nos permitiría ya visitar el Lago Afdera de aguas color esmeralda.
El cuarto día, improvisando, desde Makele hicimos una visita a una de las miles iglesias en Ethiopia excavadas en la roca, donde el prior nos abrió y atendió con sumo cariño, y posteriormente visitamos la Misión del Padre Ángel, amigo Vasco que realiza una labor extraordinaria en la zona. El Padre Ángel (www. Angelolaran.com) aparenta muchos más años de los que tiene, eso es debido sin duda a una larga vida de sufrimiento. Nos invitó a comer en la misión pero tuvimos que descartarlo para volver a Makele y tomar vuelo a Addis Ababa, también queda pendiente para un próximo viaje. A la vuelta enviamos un donativo a la Misión, ese país y Ángel necesitan de toda nuestra ayuda.
Quinto día, desde Addis Ababa tomamos un 4x4 para desplazarnos hacia el Sur, rico en Etnias, poblados, tribus, que nos iban a enamorar. Ni que decir tiene que a estas alturas ya me había convertido en un maestro de la fotografía en desplazamiento, a 80 Km/h en 4x4 se obtienen, a 1/2000s, unas fotografías impagables, las carreteras están llenas de vida y de color. Por la tarde llegamos a Arba Minch, donde habitan los Dorze, a una cota de 3.200m , en sus casas de bambú. Las chozas, de unos 40m2 pueden incluso transportarse con ayuda de 60 personas cuando las termitas se comen la base de sus troncos. Tienen la apariencia de la cabeza de un elefante. Esa noche dormimos en el Paradise Lodge, recomendable, en una cabaña con vistas a los lagos Abaya y Chamo. Estábamos muertos, no hice fotos de la vía láctea y no me lo perdonaré nunca, pero conseguí unos amaneceres únicos.
Sexto día, de nuevo en 4x4 y 1/2000s. Nos desplazamos a las tierras altas donde habita la Etnia Konso, en el rio Segen. Los Konso son la tribu más organizada y han sido reconocidos como Patrimonio de la Humanidad por Unesco. Un ejemplo, la piedra de la verdad, donde ante el Consejo del Pueblo ningún vecino se atrevería a mentir influenciado por un temor ancestral a sufrir los peores males como consecuencia de mentir mientras se está de pie sobre esa piedra. La visita a su poblado es indescriptible, una sociedad muy avanzada con un nivel jerárquico bien asumido y una socialización envidiable. Después, desplazamiento a la zona de Turmi, donde empezamos a cruzarnos con los Hamer, pintados con barro en el pelo y acompañados de collares de conchas. Dormimos en el Busca Lodge, con generador eléctrico que arranca de 6 a 9, eso sí, por la mañana y por la noche.
Séptimo día, cruzando el rio Omo en piragua (tronco de árbol vaciado) para visitar a los nómadas Dassanech. ¡Qué encanto!. Nos recibieron con sus bailes y pasamos la mañana de su mano, sí, nos llevaban de la mano mientras nos enseñaban su poblado. Sus poblados se caracterizan por el uso de chapa de lata para cubrir sus chozas, ese material que les han traído los Dioses les permite que la vida de su choza se alargue por varios años, además de mantenerlas secas, maravillas de la tecnología. Unos globos y caramelos son el regalo más apreciado por los niños. Por la tarde visita al mercado de Turmi, donde los Hamer y otras tribus se dan cita para intercambiar sus productos (grano, ganado, madera trabajada,...). Más tarde, casi a la puesta de Sol visitamos un poblado Hamer. De chozas con vallado para los animales. Igual de encantadores que los Dassenech, solo nos atendieron los niños, los adultos vienen andando desde el mercado de Turmi. Los niños te piden 5 Birs (0.20€) por cada foto que les haces (íbamos armados con fajos de billetes de 5, claro), el capitalismo está llegando para quedarse. Sonrisas y bromas continuamente, inolvidable. De nuevo al hotel con acotado horario para la ducha.
Octavo día, 4x4 a Arba Minch y vuelo regional a Addis Ababa, con shopping y cena étnica para tomar vuelo de nuevo para Madrid (Ida y vuelta nocturna).
Algún bajón de tensión, golpes de calor, catarros por el A/A del 4x4, diarrea (posiblemente el contacto con los billetes viejos contaminados con todo tipo de gérmenes), pero desde ya, contando ansioso los días que faltan para volver de nuevo. Bendita África pura.
380 imágenes para enmarcar y el 24-120mm muerto, no enfoca, directamente a Nikon...
8 DIC. STRIKE! GREVE! HUELGA! SCIOPERO!
Questa è la simbolica protesta a Flickr verso la versione Beta che vogliono a far partire l'8 dicembre .Con gli ultimi cambiamenti di Flickr siamo delusi veramente tutti!!! Il sito non è più divertente come una volta, tante difficoltà per seguire le foto, i gruppi ecc.; è anche molto lento!!!
Con la nuova versione Beta tutto quello che si vede ora sparirà!!! Ci sarà solo l'immagine a destra è sarà possibile aprire solo alcune informazioni. Le icone dei premi non saranno più visibili. Ciò significa che per gli amministratori e gli altri membri non sarà più possibile accedere direttamente ai gruppi e che non si potrà più controllare e sarà difficile anche per i premi (Award, commenti) ). Sono sicuro che Flickr non è destinato a cambiare i propri piani, anche se noi protestiamo, ma facciamo tutto il possibile per fare capire che non siamo d'accordo !
Vi prego passate parola ....grazie !
Per favore no Award dei gruppi, solo commenti personali, grazie !
Queste sono spiegazioni per voi :
Con la nuova piattaforma Beta il Team di Flickr ha intenzione di apportare delle ulteriori modifiche che limiteranno pesantemente gli interscambi tra users:
1 - Non ci sarà più uno spazio bianco sotto le foto per le descizioni, commenti o inviti ai gruppi;
2 - Difficile scrivere un commento che contenga più di 3 parole;
3 - Non possiamo vedere chi favorisce le nostre foto;
4 - Non possiamo vedere in quali gruppi appare la foto;
5 - Le immagini degli award non saranno visibili;
6 - Gli inviti non saranno più visibili. Gli ultimi appariranno solo in "Attività Recente", gli altri andranno perduti;
7 - Per gli Admin diventerà impossibile gestire i gruppi per cui molti chiuderanno;
8 - Le nostre descrizioni, incluse citazioni, link a YouTube o altri siti saranno nascoste
NON MI PIACE QUESTO NUOVO FLICKR !!!
1.- Del náhuatl: “Acame”: Cañas; “pul”: Grueso. “Co”: Locativo
“Donde hay cañas gruesas”
2.- Acatl: Carrizo; Pol: Arrasar, destruir; Co: En el lugar.
“En el lugar en que fueron destruidos los carrizos”
Cronología: Antigüedad
Restos arqueológicos indican especialmente la existencia de una población en el período preclásico. Se encontraron figuras cuyos rasgos extraordinarios difieren de muchas otras regiones de México.
*Prehistórico o arcaico:
La Sabana.
Se considera la existencia de una ciudad en ese tiempo, cuyos vestigios son llamados “La ciudad perdida”. Se han encontrado objetos de acaso 2 mil años de antigüedad, entre ellos figuras de bellas damas.
Época precortesiana:
Datos escogidos en una conferencia de mesa redonda por personalidades de antropología e historia, “hace 5 mil años, la bahía estaba habitada y 2 mil años después la poblaron los nahoas denominando al lugar “Acapulco” que se traduce como “donde fueron arrasados los carrizos”.
Siglo VII (aproximadamente)
Arribaron los tlahuicas y siglos después, dominaron el territorio los “yopes” quienes fueron conquistados por el emperador azteca “Ahuitzol” por el año 1488.
1486-1502
Acapulco pasó a formar parte del imperio azteca durante el reinado de Ahuitzol.
Siglo XVI
Las primeras manifestaciones arquitectónicas datan del siglo XVI, en que los primeros misioneros construyeron conventos y hermitas en Chilapa, Tlapa, Tepecoacuilco, Tasco y Acapulco.
1519
Hernán Cortés tuvo la primera noticia de la existencia de Acapulco, de boca del mismo emperador Moctezuma II, al mostrarle los mapas que tenía en su imperio, siendo Francisco Chico el primer emperador que recorrió esta región pasando por Acapulco el 15 de diciembre de 1521.
1522
Con el fin de encontrar en el mar del sur, una ruta hacia oriente, Cortés promovió varias expediciones marítimas a partir de este año.
1523 (finales)
Juan Rodríguez de Villafuerte lleva a cabo la conquista definitiva de Acapulco, mereciendo por ello la encomienda que se extendía desde el río del Papagayo, abarcando los pueblos de Xaltianguis, Nahuala y otros hasta Coyuca.
1524
Envía Cortés otra expedición al sur en busca de estaño. Exploraron la región de Taxco el Viejo y fundaron algunos centros mineros que recibieron el nombre de “reales”; uno de ellos que quedaba en Tetelcingo, dio origen posteriormente a la actual ciudad de Taxco. Como esta región resultaría riquísima en metales preciosos, pronto fue poblada por los españoles.
1527
Fue hasta el 31 de octubre de este año cuando salieron de Zacatula las primeras naves hacia oriente, que por cierto no volvieron.
1528 (25 de abril)
Por una real orden del Rey Carlos I de España y V de Alemania, Acapulco pasó a poder directo de la Corona el 25 de abril de 1528, tomando el nombre de “Acapulco, la ciudad de los Reyes”.
1531
Se abrió la vía de comunicación de la capital del virreynato al puerto de Acapulco.
{mospagebreak}
1532 (principios)
Gran actividad se registraba en el puerto de Acapulco con motivo de la expedición que se preparaba en cumplimiento del contrato celebrado entre la emperatriz Isabel y Hernán Cortés.
1532 (31 de mayo día de Corpus Cristi)
Salió de Acapulco la primera expedición marítima al mando de Hurtado de Mendoza.
1532
Hernán Cortés manda expediciones a explorar las costas del pacífico.
Andres de Urdaneta zarpó de Acapulco a Filipinas.
1532
Salió de Acapulco la expedición mandada por Hurtado de Mendoza para descubrir las islas de los mares del sur.
1532
Zarpan de Acapulco las embarcaciones de Hurtado de Mendoza.
1532
Muy poco provecho había alcanzado Hernán Cortés en las expediciones que preparó y envió hasta este año, gastando su fortuna en la construcción de barcos.
Fueron 2 naves que habían salido a explorar: “La Concepción”, cuyo almirante fue Diego Becerra; “San Lázaro” a cargo del Capitán Hernando de Grijalva.
“San Lázaro” descubrió la Isla del Socorro y el Archipiélago de San Benedicto; llegó al puerto de Acapulco a finales del año.
1533 (5 de octubre)
Los frailes que llegaron al actual estado de Guerrero atenuaron con su bondad los rigores aplicados por los encomenderos a los indios, la evangelización de nuestro pueblo indígena estuvo a cargo de frailes agustinos y franciscanos.
Los frailes agustinos llegaron a Chilapa el 5 de octubre de 1533 encabezados por los frailes Agustín de Coruña y Jerónimo de San Esteban. Estos fundaron 3 conventos. Uno en Chilapa, otro en Tlapa y otro en Tepecoacuilco.
Por su parte, la orden de frailes dieguinos fundó otros 2 conventos. Uno en Tasco y otro en Acapulco.
1535
Cortés embarcó en Tehuantepec, pero tuvo que buscar puerto en Acapulco.
1535
Levan anclas en el puerto los navíos que Cortés envió en ayuda de Pizarro.
1536
Hernán Cortés transita el camino México-Acapulco viniendo de regreso de su expedición a la California; enseguida dispuso que se rectificaran tramos para facilitar el paso a caballo y con bestias de carga.
1539
Salió de Acapulco la expedición de Francisco de Ulloa con el propósito de conquistar las míticas ciudades de Cíbola y Quivira.
1540
Salió de Acapulco la expedición de Domingo de Castillo, a quien se debe la Carta Geográfica más antigua de las costas occidentales del país.
1540
Zarpan otros navíos, ya sin patrocinio de Cortés, explorando el litoral del pacífico hasta el mar Cortés.
1540
El primer virrey Antonio de Mendoza mandó a acondicionar el camino México-Acapulco, para facilitar los aprestos de la expedición que iba a emprender Hernando de Alarcón, imponiendo la reparación y conservación a las comunidades de naturales y de algunos hacendados lindantes.
1550 (12 de marzo)
Don Antonio de Mendoza, visorrey y gobernador de la Nueva España, extiende nombramiento al primer alcalde de la ciudad de Acapulco a Don Pedro Pacheco.
1550
Acapulco empezó a poblarse con familias que trajo Fernando de Santa Anna; algunas de éstas (españolas y mestizas) las llevó a La Sabana.
{mospagebreak}
1550
Felipe II le otorgó el título de Ciudad, pero habiéndose perdido el documento, se volvió a expedir otro el 28 de noviembre de 1799. (Véase 1799)
1550
El virrey Antonio de Mendoza mandó condicionar por segunda vez el camino México-Acapulco, cuando tuvo que embarcarse en Acapulco, promovido al Perú con igual grado.
1553
Fray Juan Bautista Moya evangelizó Acapulco y sus contornos.
1561
Andrés de Urdaneta, en atención a sus condiciones portuarias, escribe del puerto singular elogio calificándolo de “grande, seguro, muy saludable y dotado de buen agua”.
1564 (31 de julio)
El 2° virrey Luis de Velasco, mandó condicionar nuevamente el camino México-Acapulco, dos años antes de su muerte.
Notablemente se mejoró en cuanto hubo certeza de poderse efectuar los tornaviajes de la Filipina y, por ende, la posibilidad de entablar un provechoso comercio.
1564 (21 de noviembre)
Empezó la conquista de Filipinas por Legazpi y Urdaneta. Este último estableció una ruta con Asia a través de Baja California.
1564 (21 de noviembre)
Parte para las Filipinas la expedición de Miguel López de Legazpi, como primer piloto va un fraile de la Orden de San Agustín de nombre Andrés de Urdaneta, marino de largo historial.
1565 (8 de octubre)
Vuelve Urdaneta al puerto de Acapulco procedente de la Isla de Cebú. Conquista con ello una de las rutas marinas más difíciles de su tiempo.
1565
El fraile Andrés de Urdaneta, cumplida su misión de dirigir la expedición de Legazpi a las Filipinas, al regreso fija la ruta del Oriente asiático a la América con puerto en Acapulco.
1565
Recibió la nave que, mandada por Felipe de Saleeda y Fray Andrés de Urdaneta, volvía de Filipinas tras haber descubierto la llamada “Vuelta al poniente”.
1565
Desembarcó en el puerto Fray Andrés de Urdaneta,quien volvía de las Islas Filipinas, dejando establecida la ruta de regreso de Asia por el Pacífico.
1565 (octubre)
Fray Antón de Urdaneta ancló de tornaviaje en Acapulco.
1571
El comercio en Acapulco favoreció los ataques de piratas y corsarios, que hacían lo indecible por adueñarse de los galeones, perjudicando de paso a España. Entre los bandidos más famosos del mar, Francisco Drake por 1579; Thomas Candish, 1586; el alemán Spielberg, 1615; Jorge Anson, 1742.
Con el fin de protegerse de estos ataques, el gobierno virreynal mandó construir el Fuerte . (Véase 1784)
1571 (18 de mayo)
Termina la conquista de las Filipinas por Legaspi y Urdaneta, fecha en que se declara a Acapulco único puerto comercial entre Asia a través de México, lo que propició el comercio que consistía en transportar mercancía en barcos grandes de vela que llamaban Naos, que llegaban en diciembre de cada año.
1571 (14 de abril)
Felipe II ordena que Acapulco sea el único puerto oficial en la América para el comercio con Asia.
1571
Se estableció una comunicación permanente entre Acapulco y Manila. Anualmente realizaba estos viajes un galeón cargado de provisiones para las Islas Filipinas, trayendo a Acapulco riquísimas mercancías: Tejidos de seda y algodón, cerámica china, especias y objetos de arte.
De Acapulco esta mercancía pasaba a la capital, y de ahí eran enviados a Veracruz, Puebla, Guadalajara, Jalapa y Saltillo; gran parte de la misma eran expedidas a España. Cada vez que arribaba un galeón, acudían al puerto los principales comerciantes, no sólo de México, sino hasta del Perú y otras regiones lejanas.
{mospagebreak}
1578
Francis Drake fue el primer pirata que conoció el valioso comercio que se sostenía con el Asia al cruzar estos mares en este año, pero no entró en Acapulco temeroso de perder las riquezas que traía en su nave, pero por los informes que rindió en Inglaterra, el pirata Cavendish atrapó en aguas de California a la Nao Santa Ana en 1587.
1579 (14 de abril)
Gracias a la proeza de Fray Andrés de Urdaneta, fue posible el comercio en Acapulco que en pocos años se hizo intensivo, a grado tal, que alarmó a la Corte de España, dando lugar a que con fecha 14 de abril de 1579 firmara Cédula Real el Rey Felipe II declarando como único puerto comercial entre la América y Asia, al de Acapulco. Desde entonces empieza a aumentar la importancia de Acapulco.
1579 (14 de abril)
Se ampliaron los horizontes comerciales hasta China y la India, y entonces las naos hacían hasta tres y cuatro viajes de ida y vuelta, por lo que Felipe II fue presionado por los mercaderes de Sevilla a fin de que declarara por Cédula Real del 14 de abril de 1579, que el único puerto comercial con el Asia era Acapulco.
1582
Llegó la expedición marítima de Francisco Galli y otras.
1582 (28 de octubre)
El virrey, conde de La Coruña, en carta enviada al rey Felipe, le manda un plano del puerto y de la fortaleza que conviene construir para protegerlo del ataque de los rufianes del mar.
1591
Los representantes de Cadiz y Sevilla eran los más poderosos y controlaban el comercio en grande. Viendo el desorden de las ferias, lograron en este año que se expidieran grandes restricciones para el comercio con el oriente; se prohibió al comercio mediano que traficara con Manila, y los comerciantes de aquella lejana provincia, solamente podrían enviar dos galeones de 400 toneladas como máximo y que el valor de las mercancías no podía exceder de 250,000 pesos. La nave que zarpara de Acapulco, controlada naturalmente por los ricos acaparadores, sólo llevaría plata por un valor de 500,000 y los frailes que quisieran ir a evangelizar...
1592
La carretera México-Acapulco, llamda Ruta de Asia, era una vereda, hasta en este año que el virrey Luis de Velaszo la convirtió en camino de herradura.
1592
Fue construido el camino entre México y Acapulco por órdenes del Virrey Mendoza, mejorándose en 1596 por instrucciones del virrey Velasco; los mismos mandatarios ordenaron la construcción de otro camino que comunicaba al Real de Minas de Tasco con la capital.
De Acapulco partía otro camino hacia Zihuatanejo para terminar en Valladolid (Morelia). Hacia esta ciudad partía otro desde Tepecoacuilco, pasando por Iguala Teloloapan y Coyuca de Catalán. Otro más salía de chilapa, se dirigía a Chilpancingo, continuaba por Tlacotepec, pasaba por Coyuca y terminaba en la misma Valladolid. Otro camino salía de México y se dirigía a Alahuistlán pasando por los minerales de Zacualpan y Sultepec tocando a Tenancingo y a Toluca.
De Puebla salía otro hacia Ometepec, pasando por Tlapa y Chipetlán. Otro comunicaba a Chilapa con Tlapa, pasando por Olinalá.
El transporte de mercancías se hizo utilizando el sistema de arriería.
1593 (25 de febrero)
El virrey D. Luis de Velasco encarece al rey Felipe una vez mas la construcción de la fortaleza para la mejor protección del puerto.
1596 y 1602
Llegaron las 2 primeras expediciones de Sebastián Vizcaíno, quien llegó a los 42 grados de latitud norte buscando en vano un estrecho septentrional.
Siglo XVII
Debido a la afluencia de españoles hacia poblados indígenas, algunas alcaldías menores y repúblicas de indios, se transformaron en alcaldías mayores, entre ellas: Acapulco, Chilapa, Tixtla, Ajuchitlán, Zacualpa, Tasco, Iguala, Tlapa y Zacatula.
En cada una de ellas continuaron existiendo repúblicas de indios.
1600 (18 de abril)
El virrey, Conde de Monterrey, en carta que dirige a Felipe III, hace suya la petición de sus antecesores, para que se inicie la construcción de la fortaleza en dicho puerto de Acapulco.
{mospagebreak}
1602
Bernardo de Balbuena, al escribir su “grandeza mexicana”, en la ampulosidad del su prosa, dice de Acapulco: “En ti se junta España con la China, Italia con Japón, y finalmente un mundo entero en trato y disciplina.
En ti de los tesoros del poniente se goza lo mejor; en ti la nata de cuanto entre su luz cría el oriente”.
1607 (7 de junio)
Los franciscanos fundaron en Acapulco el Convento de San Diego, bajo la advocación de Nuestra Señora de la Guía.
Acapulco pertenecía al arzobispado de México, junto con otros pueblos: Tasco, Teloloapan, Chilpancingo e Iguala.
1611 (22 de mayo)
Sale de Acapulco la primera embajada de México al Japón a cargo de Sebastián Vizcaíno y llegó a playas japonesas en agosto del mismo año, embajada que fue correspondida mediante el jefe de arcabuceros del emperador, Recuyemon Faxitura, quien con un séquito de 150 personas arribó al puerto de Acapulco el 25 de enero de 1614.
1611
Zarpó de Acapulco Sebastián Vizcaíno, cuando el virrey Luis de Velasco lo nombró representante ante el emperador de Japón.
1614
Nicolás Cardona, con 30 arcabuceros a sus órdenes; trata vanamente de iniciar la construcción del fuerte, asistiendo durante dos meses y medio a las fajinas, cercas, trincheras y demás reparos necesarios.
1614
Arribó a las playas del Japón la embarcación de Sebastián Vizcaíno; la embajada nipona estaba encabezada por el capitán Hasekura.
1615
Una flota holandesa de la compañía de las Indias Orientales invadió la bahía, pero izó la bandera blanca ante los primeros disparos que se le hicieron y acabó cambiando por víveres a los prisioneros españoles que llevaba.
1615
La fábrica de la fortaleza de Acapulco no pasaba de ser uno de tantos proyectos, cuya resolución duerme el sueño de la espera en la Corte de Madrid. Algo hizo realidad la defensa. Cuando los holandeses desembarcaron en el puerto de Zalahua, los graves señores madrileños se alarmaron y pidieron el proyecto a los archivos.
Días después el virrey Marqués de Guadalcázar, quegobernó la Nueva España de 1612 a 1621, tras largas y complicadas discusiones con propios y extraños, encargó al ingeniero Adrian Boot, la construcción del Fuerte de San Diego para la defensa de la bahía.
1615 (últimos meses del año)
Bajo la dirección de Boot se inició la construcción del Fuerte de San Diego, que tuvo por base un pentágono irregular con caballeros unidos por lienzos o cortinas. Los nombres de estos caballeros a ángulos del pentágono fueron: Rey, Príncipe, Duque, Marqués y Guadalcázar.
La altura y perímetro de los mismo no fe igual; se manifestó como razón para ello, dar mayor firmeza al edificio, teniendo en cuenta la irregularidad del terreno sobre el que se construía.
1616 (principios)
Ante el peligro que corría Acapulco a causa de piratas y filibusteros, el virrey Diego Fernández de Córdoba ordenó la construcción del castillo, iniciándose las obras a principios de 1616 y al terminar tomó el nombre de Fuerte de San Diego.
1617 (15 de abril)
Termina la fábrica del castillo de San Diego. En la portada se dejó una inscripción que dice: “Reynando en las Españas, Yndias Orientales y Occidentales la Magd. del Imbictissimo y Católico Rey Don Felipe nuestro señor, Terzero deste nombre, siendo su Virrey lugarteniente y Capitán General en los Reynos de la Nueva España Don Diego Fernández de Córdoba, Marquéz de Guadalcázar, se hizo esta fortificación. año de 1616. Yngeniero Adrian Boot”. (Véase 1776 y 1778 a 1783, re acondicionamiento del fuerte).
1617 (mayo)
El virrey anuncia al soberano la terminación del Fuerte de San Diego, con un costo de 11,400 ducados. Entre la documentación que se manda al rey, hay una vista panorámica de la bahía, hecha por Adrián Boot. La falta de perspectiva es tal, que todo parece estar en un mismo plano. La bahía está dibujada desde la montaña, posiblemente bajo las ramas de un árbol enorme que es capaz de proyectar su sombra sobre ella.
1624 (marzo)
El príncipe Nasáu al mando de poderosa escuadra y disparando su artillería entera en la bahía de Acapulco, y sus vecinos y tropa, atemorizados por el alarde de fuerza, huyeron a las montañas.
{mospagebreak}
1625
Gobernando el virrey Marqués de Cerralvo, la escuadra holandesa del príncipe de Nassau, atacó y tomó el Fuerte de San Diego, sin que la guarnición hubiera opuesto ni la menor resistencia.
Los holandeses, dueños de la plaza, saquearon y robaron a su antojo durante varios días.
Cuando los asaltantes brincaron a sus naves y se alejaron, el virrey ordenó la erección de un nuevo muro en el castillo y la fábrica de cuatro nuevos bastiones.
1634
Edificación y fundación de la primera capilla de San José, construida a instancias del sargento Francisco Rincón.
Durante esta época colonial, Acapulco tuvo una apariencia muy pobre, salvo el castillo, el hospital administrado por los hipólitos y esta capilla.
1646
Se fundó y comenzó a funcionar la primera aduana, misma que estaba ubicada a la orilla del mar en un jacalón de madera de 4 aguas. Por supuesto que esa oficina solamente abría sus puertas durante las ferias de diciembre. La fayuca iniciaba su institucionalización en estos litorales.
1673 (22 de octubre)
En las instrucciones del virrey Marqués de Mancera al duque de Veragua, se habla de las mejoras hechas a la fortaleza de Acapulco; se asienta: “que no se admite disputa es en que consiste la defensa del reyno, por el mar del sur en el castillo de Acapulco, no menos que por la del norte, en el de San Juan de Ulúa y que merece toda atención y providencias por ser escala de las Islas Filipinas y de las provincias del Perú y uno de los más capaces y seguros puertos de la monarquía.
1697
Acapulco era una humilde aldea de pescadores; sus casas son bajas y viles, hechas de madera, barro y paja, situadas al pie de altísimos montes.
Estaba habitado por negros y mulatos –que son los nacidos de negros y blancas-, y rara vez se veía en aquel lugar algún nacido en él de color aceitunado.
1697 (21 de enero)
Gemelli Careri desembarcó en Acapulco, fecha en que inicia su diario correspondiente a la Nueva España, en donde permaneció hasta el 14 de diciembre del mismo año.
El 21 de enero (1697), al no encontrar albergue alguno en Acapulco, tuvo necesidad de ir ese día lunes al convento de Nuestra Señora del Guía, de padres franciscanos “los cuales me hospedaron muy humanamente” señala en su diario.
1697
El italiano Gemelli Careri, a su paso por Acapulco toma la pluma y escribe: “La seguridad natural del puerto, que siendo a manera de caracol y con igual fondo por todas partes, que quedan en él las naves cerradas como un patio cercado de altísimos montes y atados a los árboles que están en la ribera.
1697
El virrey Gemelli Carreri empleó 12 días en recorrer la carretera México- Acapulco per en la estación de lluvias había que esperar hasta 10 días sólo para vadear el río Mezcala o el Papagayo.
1698 (aproximadamente)
El Fraile dominico Ignacio Muñoz, de la clave o derrotero de las naves al entrar al puerto: “En entrando de la dicha punta del grifo para adentro, luego vereis la fortaleza enfrente encima de un tiesso, y las causas del pueblo que están para el norueste en la dicha rinconada. En entrando dentro dareis fondo frontero de las casas, la popa en tierra y estareis de ella apartado como medio cable porque todo es sondeable y limpio y se puede barloventar dentro, porque no hay que temer más que de aquello que se viene. De bien los navíos del rey que vienen de Filipinas, y son muy grandes surgen enfrente de la fortaleza , a medio tiro de mosquete y se amarran en Tierra”.
Siglo XVI (Colonización española del territorio)
Para compensar los servicios que numerosos españoles prestaron a la conquista de México, Cortés a nombre del Rey de España, otorgó a algunos ciertas enmiendas y repartimientos de indios. Acapulco, por ejemplo, fue de Juan Rodríguez de Villafuerte, quien recibía cacao, algodón y maíz de los indios que ahora estaban a su servicio.
Siglo XVI
A pesar de los peligros que corrían las naves y las dificultades que presentaban los caminos, a finales del siglo, tenía lugar en Acapulco la Feria más importante de América con mercancías que llegaban de Sur América, Nueva España y del Oriente.
Siglo XVIII (principios)
La fortaleza se mantiene con la misma planta de la centuria anterior, aunque totalmente deteriorada.
{mospagebreak}
1712
Miguel Gallo, castellano de Acapulco, informa al rey que el castillo tiene 6 culebrinas, 27 cañones de bronce y 20 piezas de hierro. La guarnición se compone de un alférez, un sargento, 40 infantes y 15 artilleros con su condestable.
1730
Francisco Álvarez Barreiro emprende la tarea de hacer un cuidadoso plano del puerto. En el dibujo se advierte la fortaleza, así como también varios edificios de 2 plantas, 2 iglesias y una enorme cruz sobre un zócalo.
1742 (enero)
Trata de entrar por la fuerza en Acapulco el pirata Ansón, pero temiendo no lograrlo, tomó el rumbo de las Filipinas a fin de esperar el regreso de la nao en cuyas aguas cayó en su poder, obteniendo un botín de un millón 300 mil pesos en moneda acuñada y 40 mil en barras de plata.
1743
El corsario inglés Jorge Ansón apresó en sus inmediaciones al galeón “La Covadonga”.
1743 (7 de julio)
Se terminó de construir el actual Fuerte, al cual le pusieron el nombre de San Carlos, en honor del rey Carlos III. Los nombres de las torres quedaron así:
Oeste: San José; Norte: San Antonio; Noroeste: San Luis; Suroeste: Santa Bárbara; Sur: La Purísima Concepción.
1752
Pedro Murillo Velarde, en su “Geografía histórica” publicada en Madrid, dice refiriéndose a Acapulco: “...ni se puede llamar ciudad ni villa y con dificultad aún merece el nombre de aldea, pues sólo hay alguna gente desde diciembre hasta abril, en que está allí el galeón de Filipinas. Fuera de este tiempo, apenas asisten allí algunos indios mulatos y mestizos, pues ni aún el alcayde del castillo vive allí entre año”
1762 (29 de octubre)
La Nao Santísima Trinidad, el barco más grande de la época, cae en poder del pirata Cornish y con todas las riquezas que portaba lo llevó a Inglaterra donde causó admiración.
1776 (21 de abril)
Un terrible terremoto sacude la población de Acapulco “a las dos de la tarde, con el acostumbrado bramido de los cerros circunvecinos, que inspira el mayor horror y espanto a los pobres habitantes, por más que están hechos a oírlo”.
El terremoto tiró el ala izquierda del castillo, por lo que se decidió construir uno nuevo un poco más arriba.
1776
Don Miguel Costanzo, activo y diligente ingeniero, propone al virrey la construcción de una nueva fortaleza para Acapulco, pues alega: “La inutilidad del gasto que se invierte con esta mira, respecto a ser aquella una fortificación, que más parece un reducto de irregularísima figura, o un cuerpo de guardia retrincherado, que un castillo construido sobre un sistema regular de defensa”.
El proyecto de Costanzo fue enviado por el virrey Bucareli a Don José de Gálvez, ministro de Indias, para su aprobación. Visto y estudiado el trabajo de Costanzo, se dio el visto bueno a la fábrica del nuevo fuerte. Para la ejecución de la obra se nombró al ingeniero Ramón Panón, uno d elos mejores técnicos militares de España.
1776
El alférez de ingeniero, Don José González, propone para la fortaleza de San Diego grandes mejores que importan $15,250.00 y para ello recomienda habilitar las baterías frente al mar, en tanto que se espera la resolución del rey.
Anticipándose a la resolución real, el virrey Marquéz de Croix, principia las mejoras a la fortaleza, por considerarlas de gran utilidad.
1777
Llega Panón a Acapulco y en el sitio de la antigua fortaleza traza un plano sobre el terreno, en donde el nuevo castillo se habría de levantar. De entonces data el “Plano que manifiesta la majistral y contornos del antiguo Castillo de San Diego y la traza más ventajosa, para el establecimiento del nuevo pentágono aprobado por S.M.”
1778 (16 de marzo)
Principia la excavación de los cimientos de la nueva fortaleza. Los cinco baluartes reciben los nombres de “San Antonio, “San Luis”, “La Concepción”, “San José” y “Santa Bárbara”. Al nuevo castillo se le denomina de “San Carlos” en honor al monarca reinante, pero la tradición sigue llamándolo “Castillo de San Diego”.
1778 a 1783
Reconstrucción del Fuerte de San Diego que fue destruido en 1776 por un terremoto, según proyecto del ingeniero Miguel Constansó.
{mospagebreak}
1783 (7 de julio)
Termina la construcción de la fortaleza de San Carlos. Su costo excedió de los $600,000.00. Su forma es de una estrella con 5 baluartes para montar 70 piezas de artillería. De la fortaleza mitad mira hacia el mar y mitad hacia la tierra.
Tiene “cuatro bóvedas grandes con sus galeras, sirviendo dos de ellas para cuarteles de la tropa, otra para guardar los pertrechos y útiles de la artillería y la otra para guardar cuando había víveres. Además tenia otras 8 bóvedas más chicas, siendo una para la guarnición principal, otra de almacén de pólvora, otra para depósito de armas y las demás para habitación de oficiales. Tenía a más del calabozo y galera para los presos, cocina y dos aljibes para abastecer de agua a más de 2 mil soldados por un año”.
1799 (1 de noviembre)
El rey Carlos IV confirma el título de Ciudad al puerto de Acapulco.
1784
La escuadra del almirante Jorge Anson es puesta en fuga por seiscientos hombres milicianos, que contra él combaten en el fuerte.
1789
El capitán de navío Alejandro Malaspina da la vuelta al mundo al mando de las corbetas Descubierta y Atrevida. Los tres pintores que van a la expedición, a su paso por Acapulco, se dan a la feliz tarea de llevar el lienzo tres vistas o paisajes portuarios.
Fernando Brambila pinta un cuadro con el tema de “Puerto de Acapulco”; Tomás de Suria una: “Vista de la bahía y puerto de Acapulco desde el arco de los ospitales de los padres ipólitos”, y José Cordero una: “Vista del puerto y parte de la ciudad de Acapulco, sacada desde su ospital”.
1791
Tocaron el puerto las corbetas: “Descubierta” y “Atrevida” que luego navegaron hasta la bahía de Behring (59 grados de latitud norte).
1792 (15 de enero)
Sale de Acapulco Francisco de la Bodega y Cuádra, con el fin de fijar los límites entre los Estados Unidos y la Nueva España.
Siglo XIX
Se estableció el servicio de diligencias para el transporte de personas; en ambos casos los riesgos siempre fueron múltiples, pues los caminos eran pésimos y los robos muy frecuentes.
Siglo XIX (primera mitad, 1850 aproximadamente)
Bien poco adelantó el comercio en el puerto, ya que aislado de todo el país, solamente se tenía comunicación marítima.
Fue en esa época que se estableció aquí la casa “B. Fernández y Cía.” con un para entonces poderoso capital. Estaba localizada en donde está ahora el edificio de Don Israel Soberanis, en la calle Jesús Carranza.
Fue por muchos años el centro comercial más importante de Acapulco y las costas.
1803 (22 de marzo)
Desembarca en Acapulco el barón de Humbolt al amparo de una carta del rey de España para sus estudios de mineralogía y botánica.
1803
Pasa por Acapulco el barón de Humboldt y tiene, a juzgar por lo que escribe, una triste opinión del puerto, pues le parece que: “Forma una inmensa concha abierta entre rocas graníticas, hacia el sur-suroeste, y la cual tiene más de seis mil metros de ancho de este a oeste. He visto pocos parajes en ambos hemisferios que presentan un aspecto más triste y horroroso. Estas rocas forman una costa tan escarpada, que un navío de línea puede pasar tocándolas, sin peligro alguno, porque casi por todas partes hay diez o doce brazas de fondo.”
1803
Alejandro de Humboldt advirtió que era una miserable ciudad, poblado exclusivamente por 4 mil personas de color, que aumentaban a 9 mil cuando llegaba la Nao de China.
1805 (marzo)
Llega al puerto “La Caravana de la Salud” compuesta de 22 niños portadores de la vacuna contra la viruela bajo el sistema “Brazo a brazo” los que siguieron bajo el cuidado del Dr. Balmis a Filipinas.
1810
Se suspendió la “Feria de Acapulco”
1810 a 1812
Tiempo de la Revolución Mexicana, terminó el auge de Acapulco.
{mospagebreak}
1810 (20 de octubre)
Recibió Morelos nombramiento de lugarteniente de Hidalgo y comisión de apoderarse de Acapulco.
Morelos llevó el movimiento a otros lugares: A Tixtla, donde se le unieron los Bravo; a Chilpancingo, Chilapa, Tehuacan, Orizaba, Oaxaca y Cuautla.
Tecpan fue nombrada ciudad capital de la nueva provincia; Acapulco perdió su nombre de “Ciudad de los Reyes” por el de “Congregación de los fieles”.
1810 (19 de noviembre)
El insurgente José Ma. Morelos y Pavón, inicia el asedio de Acapulco. (véase 1813 19 de agosto)
1811
José María Morelos derrotó al realista Francisco París en 3 Palos (4 de enero) pero no pudo tomar el Fuerte de San Diego (8 de febrero) cuyo asedio levantó a la postre (19 de febrero).
1813 (6 de abril)
De regreso de su tercera campaña Morelos puso sitio a Acapulco. Desalojados sucesivamente los españoles de Casamata, del Cerro de la Mira y del Baluarte del Hospital, se concentraron en la fortaleza hasta el 20 de agosto en que capitularon.
1813 (19 de agosto)
El insurgente José Ma. Morelos logra apoderarse de Acapulco, tras reñidos combates y riguroso asedio al castillo, donde se desarrollaron escenas de tragedia por la falta de alimentos, leña, agua y medicinas. Ciudad que recuperaron los realistas al año siguiente para pasar a poder de la nación mexicana el 15 de octubre de 1821 como consecuencia de los Tratados de Córdoba.
1813 (20 de agosto)
Morelos logra posesionarse del puerto en los primeros años de la guerra de Independencia. En lo alto de la fortaleza ondea la bandera azul y blanco de los insurgentes.
1813 (18 de septiembre)
Morelos fue nombrado Generalísimo de las Armas Nacionales.
Morelos, tomando como capital a Valladolid, hoy Morelia, marcha a la ciudad donde lo atacaron los realistas y perdió. El Congreso dictó sentencia a todos los presos del Fuerte y mandó quemar las casas de Acapulco, así se hizo; el 10 y 11 de abril de 1814, Acapulco era una ruina histórica.
1813 (27 de septiembre)
A finales del siglo XVIII la Revolución Industrial de Europa invadió el mundo con sus productos, violando todas las barreras y convenios aduanales. Esto afectó a España, quien tuvo que luchar también contra la piratería con máscara de corsarios, auspiciada por Inglaterra que iniciaba su poderío por todos los mares.
Entonces Fernando VII expidió el siguiente decreto:
“Queda suprimida la Nao de Manila o de Acapulco (se entiende que como tráfico oficial) y los habitantes de las Islas Filipinas pueden hacer por ahora el comercio de géneros de la China y del Continente Asiático, en buques particulares nacionales, continuando su giro con la Nueva España a los puertos de Acapulco y San Blas, bajo el mismo permiso de quinientos mil pesos convenidos a la Nao de Manila y al millón de retorno. Cádiz, 27 de septiembre de 1813”.
1813-1814 (diciembre y enero)
Después de los desastres de Valladolid (Morelia) y Purvarán, José Ma. Morelos volvió al puerto (a principios de marzo) de donde salió (9 de abril) acosado por los realistas. Previamente mandó incendiar la ciudad, degollar a los españoles residentes y fusilar a todos los prisioneros. El 14 de abril Armijo recuperó la plaza.
1849 (27 de octubre)
Se erigió el estado de Guerrero.
1854
El 1 de marzo de este año se proclamó en Ayutla, Gro. el Plan que desató la revolución contra la última dictadura de Antonio López de Santa Anna. El día 11 siguiente la guarnición de Acapulco se adhirió al movimiento y designó a Ignacio Comonfort (que era administrador de la aduana) gobernador del puerto y jefe provisional de las fuerzas armadas en cuyo carácter invitó a Juan Álvarez a que asumiera el mando supremo del Ejército Restaurador de la Libertad.
1854 (26 de abril)
El presidente López de Santa Anna, que salió al frente de un ejército de 5 mil hombres a someter a los sublevados, fracasó en su intento de tomar Acapulco.
1863 (10 y 11 de enero)
Una escuadra francesa bombardeó el puerto y luego desembarcaron los marinos, que no pasaron de los límites de la ciudad abandonada, retirándose tres días después.
El 4 de junio volvieron por mar y un batallón de tiradores argelinos se posesionó de la plaza.
{mospagebreak}
1863 (enero 10-12)
Al estallar la guerra entre México y Francia., Acapulco sufrió horrible bombardeo los días 10, 11 y 12 de enero porque e Gral. Diego Álvarez no quiso aceptar las proposiciones del almirante Bovet, quien, al frente de poderosa escuadra se hallaba en el puerto.
1864
A finales de este año los invasores franceses evacuaron Acapulco después de la derrota que Vicente Jiménez y Diego Álvarez infringieron a los imperiales en el Zapotal.
1865 (junio y septiembre)
Los franceses intentaron nuevamente invadir el territorio por ese punto, pero fueron rechazados por los republicanos.
1868
Primeras escuelas en la calle 5 de mayo (una de niños y una de niñas)
1894
El VIII virrey Luis de Velasco, hijo, mandó acondicionar notablemente el camino México-Acapulco, en 1894, un año antes de que fuese promovido con igual rango al Perú.
1904
Llegó al puerto un crucero italiano.
El 30 de julio hubo un gran temblor que sólo el castillo quedó de pie.
1910
Era un somnoliento pueblecito con algunas estrechas y retorcidas calles empedradas y la mayoría protegidas por su piso natural arenoso. A la quebrada se subía por una tortuosa vereda y otra conducía a la bella playa de Caleta.
1910
Se inauguró el alumbrado público de 30 faroles de acetileno en el centro de la población y algunos faroles de petróleo medio iluminaban las esquinas de otras calles hasta las 11 de la noche.
1910
El primer hotel de Acapulco “Doña Eliza Sutter de Link”; después pasa a hotel “Miramar” y después se convierte en el famoso Edificio “Pintos”.
Donde se encuentra el hotel Colonial estuvo la aduana, después se instaló ahí la Casa de Huéspedes “Dos de abril” y más tarde El Colonial.
1911 (10 de mayo)
Atacaron por primea vez los maderistas; sorprendieron a los mercaderes y a muchas amas de casa en el primitivo mercado que se localizaba en la Plaza Álvarez, al norte de ésta, frente a lo que es ahora el Banco Mexicano del Sur.
Este mercado era una serie de mesas o grandes cajones de madera, algunos con techo de lámina, en donde se expendía el pescado y la carne. Lo demás, las verduras, la leche, el pan y cuanto comestible consumía aquel pequeño pueblo, estaban en el suelo sobre petates de palma.
1912
Doña Elisa dejó su negocio y en el local se estableció en 1912 el Hotel Jardín, donde más tarde, por 1934 se construyó el Hotel Miramar y después se convirtió en el Edificio Pintos.
1912 (30 de octubre)
Un ciclón arrasó con el puerto de Acapulco.
1913
Primer planta eléctrica.
1913 (noviembre)
Estuvo lista la primer planta eléctrica)
1913 (¿1923?)
Juan R. Escudero, primer líder sindical. Se inició con los cargadores de los barcos.
1920
Contaba solamente con un automóvil, marca “Exes” y una lancha a motor que pertenecía a la capitanía del puerto. En un carro tirado por mulas se recogía la basura de las calles.
1920
Vino el príncipe de Gales, posteriormente el rey Eduardo VIII.
1922
Llegaron los primeros submarinos americanos y también varios hidroplanos entraron por Pie de la Cuesta.
1924 (31 de julio)
Un grupo de audaces comerciantes dieron forma a la Cámara de Comercio, constituyéndola legalmente el 31 de julio de 1924.
{mospagebreak}
1927 (mediados)
Una nueva etapa fue marcada en la vida comercial de Acapulco cuando a mediados de 1927 el señor presidente Plutarco Elías Calles, desde el Castillo de Chapultepec, detonó un petardo que voló la última piedra que obstruía la brecha o camino México- Acapulco, a la altura casi del actual puente de Xaltianguis.
Era entonces gobernador del estado el general Héctor F. López. La Cámara Nacional de Comercio en pleno y otros sectores representativos, estuvieron presentes en aquel acto trascendental.
1927 (11 de noviembre)
Día de fiesta, de la tarde en que se hizo volar el último obstáculo de la carretera México- Acapulco e hicieron su entrada principal al puerto los 12 primeros automóviles procedentes de México.
Los concurrentes a la inauguración oficial llenaron los 2 únicos hoteles: El Jardín y el Acapulco, así como varias casas de huéspedes, ejemplo: La Costeña, del señor Pintos.
1927 (11 de noviembre 6:00 pm)
Llegaron al puerto, aunque transitando por una brecha de trabajo, los 12 primeros automóviles a bordo de los cuales iban el gobernador del estado, el presidente municipal y las autoridades militares.
1927 (11 de noviembre)
El presidente Plutarco Elías Calles accionó por teléfono desde el Castillo de Chapultepec, el dispositivo que hizo estallar la dinamita que removió el último obstáculo en la carretera a Acapulco, cuyo trazo se había interrumpido en el kilómetro 402 por un tapón de roca.
1927 (11 de noviembre)
Hubo agua potable en los manantiales de Santa Cruz.
1927 (27 de noviembre)
La era de la prosperidad de Acapulco se inició este día al quedar abierta la carretera hacia la Cd. de México, pero su desenvolvimiento como centro turístico se realizó bajo el gobierno del Lic. Miguel Alemán Valdés durante el cual se llevaron a cabo grandes obras, colocando a la ciudad a la altura de los granes centros turísticos del mundo.
1928
La pequeña mejoría lograda desde la construcción de la carretera México-Acapulco se exteriorizó con la apertura del Hotel México (segundo en Acapulco), frente a la casa de huéspedes “La Mar” que abrió también en 1928.
1928
Desde esta fecha se había realizado la primera obra a favor del turismo, cuando el pueblo de Acapulco construyó el camino de rueda para hacer accesible la playa de Caleta, y a continuación se reunieron $30,000.00 para el camino de rueda a Pie de la Cuesta
Il. Title- ( - sang sur mains - ) Mike Mullen having a nice steak dinner with a 'clear conscience' ... ( On top of dead Afghani civilians & dead soldiers.. Egomaniac.. ) Yes Wikileaks shared this piece inspired by them & their work: twitter.com/wikileaks/status/21824111844 it & the entire Wikileaks series is not- for sale.
At some point there may be an exhibition with funds going towards WL & Bradley Manning.
But for now none of the pieces in the series are commercially available or for sale to private individuals.
They do have free use by Wikileaks however.
More work to be posted soon.
Dimensions: 18" x 24.5" acid free paper, acrylics, gouache & ebony pencil
"Mr. Assange can say whatever he likes about the greater good he thinks he and his source are doing, but the truth is they might already have on their hands the blood of some young soldier or that of an Afghan family," Mullen said."
www.foxnews.com/politics/2010/07/29/pentagon-wikileaks-bl...
MMm no- Mullen..How can we end these wars ASAP- & STOP you from getting any MORE blood on YOUR hands..
( News from Wikileaks Twitter feed, 8 - 19 - 2012: "In fact, being from another planet, he might even have picked up on something that most Americans would be unlikely to notice -- that, with only slight alterations, Mullen’s blistering comment about Assange could be applied remarkably well to Mullen himself. “Chairman Mullen,” that Martian might have responded, “can say whatever he likes about the greater good he thinks he is doing, but the truth is he already has on his hands the blood of some young soldiers and that of many Afghan families.” "
www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/08/06/opinion/main6748239.shtml )
War Diary - wardiary.wikileaks.org/ Timeline: wartimeline.haineault.com/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Mullen#2007_Senate_testimon...
& from the Pentagon- "“We want whatever they have returned to us and we want whatever copies they have expunged… We demand that they do the right thing. If doing the right thing is not good enough for them, then we will figure out what alternatives we have to compel them to do the right thing." mashable.com/2010/08/05/pentagon-wikileaks-demand/
The NERVE.. -
Wikileaks - "What we didn't hear from the Pentagon last week: "killing all those innocent people is bad. Sorry. We will stop that" Thursday, August 05, 2010
YES.
-
"Thousands of children and adults had been killed and the US could have announced a broad inquiry into these killings, "but he decided to treat these issues with contempt''.
He said: "This behaviour is unacceptable. We will continue to expose abuses by this administration and others."" - www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/jul/30/us-military-wikileak...
-
( From Wikileaks twitter- Aug 19 2010 _ ) -
Wikileaks vs the Pentagon: Phony Fingerpointing
Tom Engelhardt:: Who Really Has Blood On Their Hands?
"Consider the following statement offered by Admiral Mike Mullen, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, at a news conference last week. He was discussing Julian Assange, the founder of Wikileaks as well as the person who has taken responsibility for the vast, still ongoing Afghan War document dump at that site. "Mr. Assange,” Mullen commented, “can say whatever he likes about the greater good he thinks he and his source are doing, but the truth is they might already have on their hands the blood of some young soldier or that of an Afghan family.”
Now, if you were the proverbial fair-minded visitor from Mars (who in school civics texts of my childhood always seemed to land on Main Street, U.S.A., to survey the wonders of our American system), you might be a bit taken aback by Mullen’s statement. After all, one of the revelations in the trove of leaked documents Assange put online had to do with how much blood from innocent Afghan civilians was already on American hands.
The British Guardian was one of three publications given early access to the leaked archive, and it began its main article this way: “A huge cache of secret U.S. military files today provides a devastating portrait of the failing war in Afghanistan, revealing how coalition forces have killed hundreds of civilians in unreported incidents. They range from the shootings of individual innocents to the often massive loss of life from air strikes...” Or as the paper added in a piece headlined “Secret CIA paramilitaries’ role in civilian deaths”: “Behind the military jargon, the war logs are littered with accounts of civilian tragedies.
The 144 entries in the logs recording some of these so-called ‘blue on white’ events, cover a wide spectrum of day-by-day assaults on Afghans, with hundreds of casualties.” Or as it also reported, when exploring documents related to Task Force 373, an “undisclosed ‘black’ unit” of U.S. special operations forces focused on assassinating Taliban and al-Qaeda “senior officials”: “The logs reveal that TF 373 has also killed civilian men, women, and children and even Afghan police officers who have strayed into its path.”
Admittedly, the events recorded in the Wikileaks archive took place between 2004 and the end of 2009, and so don’t cover the last six months of the Obama administration’s across-the-board surge in Afghanistan. Then again, Admiral Mullen became chairman of the Joint Chiefs in October 2007, and so has been at the helm of the American war machine for more than two of the years in question.
He was, for example, chairman in July 2008, when an American plane or planes took out an Afghan bridal party -- 70 to 90 strong and made up mostly of women -- on a road near the Pakistani border. They were "escorting the bride to meet her groom as local tradition dictates." The bride, whose name we don’t know, died, as did at least 27 other members of the party, including children. Mullen was similarly chairman in August 2008 when a memorial service for a tribal leader in the village of Azizabad in Afghanistan’s Herat Province was hit by repeated U.S. air strikes that killed at least 90 civilians, including perhaps 15 women and up to 60 children. Among the dead were 76 members of one extended family, headed by Reza Khan, a "wealthy businessman with construction and security contracts with the nearby American base at Shindand airport."
Mullen was still chairman in April 2009 when members of the family of Awal Khan, an Afghan army artillery commander on duty elsewhere, were killed in a U.S.-led raid in Khost province in eastern Afghanistan. Among them were his "schoolteacher wife, a 17-year-old daughter named Nadia, a 15-year-old son, Aimal, and his brother, employed by a government department.” Another daughter was wounded and the pregnant wife of Khan's cousin was shot five times in the abdomen.
Mullen remained chairman when, in November 2009, two relatives of Majidullah Qarar, the spokesman for the Minister of Agriculture, were shot down in cold blood in Ghazni City in a Special Operations night raid; as he was -- and here we move beyond the Wikileaks time frame -- when, in February 2010, U.S. Special Forces troops in helicopters struck a convoy of mini-buses, killing up to 27 civilians, including women and children; as he also was when, in that same month, in a special operations night raid, two pregnant women and a teenage girl, as well as a police officer and his brother, were shot to death in their home in a village near Gardez, the capital of Paktia province. After which, the soldiers reportedly dug the bullets out of the bodies, washed the wounds with alcohol, and tried to cover the incident up. He was no less chairman late last month when residents of a small town in Helmand province in southern Afghanistan claimed that a NATO missile attack had killed 52 civilians, an incident that, like just about every other one mentioned above and so many more, was initially denied by U.S. and NATO spokespeople and is now being “investigated.” "
www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/08/06/opinion/main6748239.shtml
-
"What is interesting is who is responsible for the killings.
Of the 1,325 civilian deaths recorded by the Afghan human rights group, 23 per cent were attributed to Nato or Afghan government forces. The Taliban and their allies were responsible for 68 per cent of the deaths.
The UN study claimed the civilian death toll was slightly lower at 1,271 with anti-government forces blamed for 76 per cent of the casualties.
Chronicling precise figures is extremely difficult because most parts of the country are inaccessible.
Crucially, both studies suggested that the proportion of deaths attributed to Nato and Afghan government forces were down compared to last year because of fewer air strikes.
This is important because clumsy air strikes on innocent villages and unfair raids on their houses has been driving a lot of Afghans to pick up arms on behalf of insurgents."
by, Hamida Ghafour
More: www.thenational.ae/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20100811/OP...
& -
"My countrymen called me a prostitute
(Filed: 26/10/2004)
Fourteen months ago, Hamida Ghafour went to Afghanistan to cover her native countrys postwar reconstruction for this newspaper. But, as a westernised Afghan, her homecoming wasnt as welcoming as she had hoped"
www.afghanistan.org/news_detail.asp?17220
I am skeptical about agendas.. It can be confusing, this is why for better or worse one must have THE FACTS - it would have been better if we had them from the START.
Without facts no one cares what we do- or who we kill, because we simply don't have ANY concept of how a decade long war is going..
“The government is engaging in selective prosecution to ensure that employees keep their mouths shut,” says Stephen Khon, a lawyer specializing in whistleblowing cases. “All of a sudden the whistleblower becomes public enemy number one. There is no proportionality.” www.alternet.org/world/147778/how_the_military_destroys_t...
This- - you MUST watch-- It's of Afghani's asking for peace & for us to leave- "Wikileaks Assange, stand freely for love & we in Afg will stand with you.." From: www.youtube.com/watch?v=k9E_nXiPj9g
US war crimes: soldiers speak out. - www.youtube.com/watch?v=tj6s1V0Dpuw
From Wikileaks Twitter- "UNAMA Human Rights Unit issued recommendations in the report including:
• The Taliban should withdraw all orders and statements calling for the killing of civilians; and, the Taliban and other AGEs should end the use of IEDs and suicide attacks, comply with international humanitarian law, cease acts of intimidation and killing including assassination, execution and abduction, fully respect citizens’ freedom of movement and stop using civilians as human shields.
• International military forces should make more transparent their investigation and reporting on civilian casualties including on accountability; maintain and strengthen directives restricting aerial attacks and the use of night raids; coordinate investigation and reporting of civilian casualties with the Afghan Government to improve protection and accountability; improve compensation processes; and, improve transparency around any harm to civilians caused by Special Forces operations.
• The Afghan Government should create a public body to lead its response to major civilian casualty incidents and its interaction with international military forces and other key actors, ensure investigations include forensic components, ensure transparent and timely compensation to victims; and, improve accountability including discipline or prosecution for any Afghan National Security Forces personnel who unlawfully cause death or injury to civilians or otherwise violate the rights of Afghan citizens."
unama.unmissions.org/Default.aspx?tabid=1741&ctl=Deta...
From Wikileaks Twitter- CBC
"A bomb is found tucked into a school typewriter. Insurgents dressed in military uniforms attack an education chief. School guards are tied up while the building is bombed to smithereens. Teachers and students at an all-girls high school are poisoned through the drinking water."
"School attacks
Year Number of attacks against schools
2005 98
2006 220
2007 236
2008 348
2009 610
Source: UNICEF. Data for 2008 and 2009 are from the UN Country Task Force on Children, and previous years are from the Ministry of Education."
"Education for children up in Afghanistan since 2002- .
"Nine years ago, about 100,000 students were enrolled in schools. The figure now stands at more than seven million students, one-third of whom are girls, according to the Afghanistan Ministry of Education.
"It's one of those sectors where we've seen radical and dramatic progress since 2002," notes Rowell.
"No one knows where the country is going … but education is a beacon of success."
Read more: www.cbc.ca/world/story/2010/08/06/f-afghanistan-education...
& www.cbc.ca/news/interactives/database-afghan-war-logs/
""
"New Petition Gains Prominent Signatures: “Defend WikiLeaks – End the Secret Wars” - Sign: seminal.firedoglake.com/diary/64042
"One of the most difficult tasks men can perform, however much others may despise it, is the invention of good games and it cannot be done by men out of touch with their instinctive selves." - Jung.
Treating Soldier Stress: www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,2008931_2172992,00...
"Afghan War Diary
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Afghan War Diary (also called The War Logs) is a collection of internal U.S. military logs of the War in Afghanistan published by Wikileaks on 25 July 2010.
The logs consist of 91,731 documents, covering the period between January 2004 and December 2009. Most of the documents were classified as "secret", which The New York Times called "a relatively low level of classification".
As of 28 July 2010, only 75,000 of the documents have been released to the public, a move which Wikileaks says is "part of a harm minimization process demanded by [the] source". Prior to releasing the initial 75,000 documents, Wikileaks made the logs available to The Guardian, The New York Times and Der Spiegel in its German and English on-line edition which published reports per previous agreement on that same day, July 25, 2010."
&
"In June 2010, Guardian journalist Nick Davies and WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange established that the US army had built a huge database with six years of sensitive military intelligence material, to which many thousands of US soldiers had access and some of them had been able to download copies, and WikiLeaks had one copy which it proposed to publish online, via a series of uncensorable global servers.
Wikileaks describes itself as "a multi-jurisdictional public service designed to protect whistleblowers, journalists and activists who have sensitive materials to communicate to the public."
In an interview with the U.K.'s Channel 4, Wikileaks founder Julian Assange said that "we have a stated commitment to a particular kind of process and objective, and that commitment is to get censored material out and never to take it down." He contrasted the group with other media outlets by saying that "other journalists try to verify sources. We don't do that, we verify documents. We don't care where it came from." He denied that the group has an inherent bias against the Afghanistan War, saying that "We don't have a view about whether the war should continue or stop – we do have a view that it should be prosecuted as humanely as possible." However, he also said that he believes the leaked information will turn world public opinion to think more negatively of the war."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghan_War_Diary
"War has become a luxury that only small nations can afford." -
Hannah Arendt
"The leak of tens of thousands of Afghanistan war-related documents tells us more than the sum total of many official communiqués about the war. On balance, more disclosure is a good thing, but the leaking of raw military intelligence is a special case that requires a careful, rather than a cavalier, approach.
There is not enough information about the war, and much official information is misleading. In Canada, the federal government's quarterly reports contain a few updates based on its goals in Kandahar, but little else that informs. The government has already shown itself to be an unreliable source on issues relating to Afghan detainees.
The situation is now too dangerous for the most trustworthy chroniclers – journalists, UN personnel – to go outside NATO-protected areas.
So reliable, independent information is lacking. The circumstances in this war make such information even more necessary."
www.theglobeandmail.com/news/opinions/editorials/we-neede...
"Instead, many eyes will now pore over this data from many different directions, looking for patterns and attempting to eliminate the noise, disinformation and fog of war.
Many will look to it to criticise and condemn the US presence in Afghanistan, but if those on the other side – those who support such military incursions – have any sense, they too will use it to understand better the war in which they find themselves and adapt their counsel to fit more accurately the facts on the ground.
That’s the benefit, usually, of an open society. We get to triangulate on the truth by gathering facts in the public space, then providing them to all sides to chew over. We use this against our own illusions and those of more closed societies who can only view the world through one narrow perspective.": www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/finance/2010/0730/1224275801...
( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_ecology )
"The first phase was chilling, in part because the banter of the soldiers was so far beyond the boundaries of civilian discourse. “Just fuckin’, once you get on ’em, just open ’em up,” one of them said. The crew members of the Apache came upon about a dozen men ambling down a street, a block or so from American troops, and reported that five or six of the men were armed with AK-47s; as the Apache maneuvered into position to fire at them, the crew saw one of the Reuters journalists, who were mixed in among the other men, and mistook a long-lensed camera for an RPG. The Apaches fired on the men for twenty-five seconds, killing nearly all of them instantly."
Read more www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/06/07/100607fa_fact_khat...
"With the release of the WikiLeaks documents, Arab media may finally feel vindicated, as Western media finally start to give greater prominence to civilian casualties." newamericamedia.org/2010/07/wikileaks-documents-validate-...
"Wikileaks confirmed: A plan to kill American geologist with poison beer
The Wikileaks documents contain a claim that Pakistan and Afghanistan insurgents were working to poison alcoholic drinks in Afghanistan. While that's unproven, one US adviser in Afghanistan tells the Monitor he was almost poisoned that way in 2007." : www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-South-Central/2010/0728/Wiki...
"This is duplicitous only if you close your eyes to the Pakistani reality, which the Americans never did. There was ample evidence, as the WikiLeaks show, of covert ISI ties to the Taliban. The Americans knew they couldn't break those ties. They settled for what support Pakistan could give them while constantly pressing them harder and harder until genuine fears in Washington emerged that Pakistan could destabilize altogether. Since a stable Pakistan is more important to the United States than a victory in Afghanistan—which it wasn't going to get anyway—the United States released pressure and increased aid. If Pakistan collapsed, then India would be the sole regional power, not something the United States wants."
www.billoreilly.com/site/rd?satype=13&said=12&url...
"How to read the Afghanistan war logs: video tutorial
David Leigh, the Guardian's investigations editor, explains the online tools we have created to help you understand the secret US military files on the war in Afghanistan": www.guardian.co.uk/world/datablog/video/2010/jul/25/afgha...
"Jonathan Foreman, writing for the right of center National Review's Corner blog, hopes the documents will force America to deal with the possible deceptions being made by ally Pakistan. "It is possible that the publication of documents that provide actual evidence — rather than rumors — of the role of ISI personnel in Taliban planning, logistics, and strategy will give the West greater leverage in dealing with Islamabad and might force Pakistan’s political elite to confront the reality of the ISI’s secret activities. If so, that would be a silver lining to what is otherwise a military disaster abetted by the U.S. and British media."
www.nbclosangeles.com/news/politics/NATL-The-Importance-o...
"The real significance of the Afghan war diaries lies in what Wikileaks represents as a movement, as an evolution in journalism. One analyst has called it the emergence of open source journalism. Julian Assange makes it possible for anybody anywhere in the world to submit secret documents for publication." www.thehindu.com/opinion/columns/Sevanti_Ninan/article541...
A War Without End: www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,708314,00.html
"Julian Assange on the Afghanistan war logs: 'They show the true nature of this war'
Julian Assange, the founder of Wikileaks, explains why he decided to publish thousands of secret US military files on the war in Afghanistan Afghanistan war logs expose truth of occupation": www.guardian.co.uk/world/video/2010/jul/25/julian-assange...
The history of US leaks: www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-10769495
Freedom of Information Act: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_Information_Act_(United_...
"A long-delayed Afghanistan war funding bill, stripped of billions for teachers and black farmers, is back before the House and walking now into the storm over the Internet leak of battlefield reports stirring old doubts about U.S. policy and relations with Pakistan.": www.politico.com/news/stories/0710/40254.html & www.politico.com/news/stories/0710/40251.html
This is a large study/drawing, Assange/Wikileakers of the organization Wikileaks ( wikileaks.org ) uses 'matches from sources' to disclose US gov secrecy ( behind large black curtains ) & to also finally bring some much needed attention & closure to some of these revelations ( set ablaze ).
This ongoing series is dedicated to everyone who has needlessly had their lives destroyed, been injured or die in this almost past decade of war. For the sources, journalists & average citizens who risk their lives to inform us.
Reuters reporters Namir Eldeen, Saeed Chmagh & the good samaritan ( father ) who died trying to save them & of course his two surviving small children who will forever be impacted by the brutality of war for decades to come.
Please help Private Bradley Manning- www.bradleymanning.org/
"One surprising consequence of the war in Iraq is the surrender of postmodernism to a victorious modernism. This has been largely overlooked in North America.
In reaction to the U.S. intervention in Iraq, Jacques Derrida, a famous postmodernist, signed on as co-author of an article drafted by the German philosopher Jürgen Habermas, previously an opponent of his, in an unmistakable endorsement of modernist Enlightenment principles. Derrida, the apostle of deconstructionism, is now advocating some decidedly constructive and Eurocentric activism.
The article appeared simultaneously in two newspapers on May 31, in German in Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung as "After the War: The Rebirth of Europe," and in French in Libération, less triumphantly, as "A Plea for a Common Foreign Policy: The demonstrations of Feb. 15 against the war in Iraq designed a new European public space."
Other famous intellectuals joined in with supportive newspaper articles of their own: Umberto Eco (of The Name of the Rose) and Gianni Vattimo in Italy and an American philosopher, Richard Rorty. This provoked much discussion in Europe, but only a few comments so far in North America, the Boston Globe and the Village Voice being rare exceptions.
This week in Montreal, there was an anti-globalization riot in which windows were broken in protest against a World Trade Organization (WTO) meeting. But the Habermas-Derrida declaration praises the WTO and even the International Monetary Fund as part of Weltinnenpolitik: maddeningly hard to translate, but something like "global domestic policy" or "external internal policy."
Yet it is not much of a stretch to claim the young anti-globalists as disciples of postmodernism and Derrida, who has hitherto been a foe of "logocentrism" (putting reason at the centre), "phallologocentrism" (reason is an erect male organ and, as such, damnably central) and Eurocentrism (the old, old West is the homeland of all of the above).
Derrida added a note to the article, observing most people would recognize Habermas's style and thinking in the piece, and that he hadn't had time to write a separate piece. But notwithstanding his "past confrontations" with Habermas (Derrida had objected to being called a "Judaistic mystic," for one thing), he agreed with the article he had signed, which calls for new European responsibilities "beyond all Eurocentrism" and the strengthening of international law and international institutions."
More: www.16beavergroup.org/mtarchive/archives/000361.php
"In early 2003, both Habermas and Derrida were very active in opposing the coming Iraq War, and called for in a manifesto that later became the book Old Europe, New Europe, Core Europe for a tighter union of the states of the European Union in order to provide a power capable of opposing American foreign policy. Derrida wrote a foreword expressing his unqualified subscription to Habermas's declaration of February 2003, "February 15, or, What Binds Europeans Together: Plea for a Common Foreign Policy, Beginning in Core Europe,” in Old Europe, New Europe, Core Europe which was a reaction to the Bush administration demands upon European nations for support for the coming Iraq War[25]. Habermas has offered further context for this declaration in an interview."
More: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%c3%bcrgen_Habermas#Habermas_and_D...
Habermas: ”The asymmetry between the concentrated destructive power of the electronically controlled clusters of elegant and versatile missiles in the air and the archaic ferocity of the swarms of bearded warriors outfitted with Kalashnikovs on the ground remains a morally obscene sight
I consider Bush' s decision to call for a "war against terrorism" a serious mistake, both normatively and pragmatically. Normatively, he is elevating these criminals to the status of war enemies; and pragmatically, one cannot lead a war against a "network" if the term "war" is to retain any definite meaning.”
Derrida: “To say it all too quickly and in passing, to amplify and clarify just a bit what I said earlier about an absolute threat whose origin is anonymous and not related to any state, such "terrorist" attacks already no longer need planes, bombs, or kamikazes: it is enough to infiltrate a strategically important computer system and introduce a virus or some other disruptive element to paralyze the economic, military, and political resources of an entire country or continent. And this can be attempted from just about anywhere on earth, at very little expense and with minimal means. The relationship between earth, terra territory, and terror has changed, and it is necessary to know that this is because of knowledge, that is, because of technoscience.
It is technoscience that blurs the distinction between war and terrorism. In this regard, when compared to the possibilities for destruction and chaotic disorder that are in reserve, for the future, in the computerized networks of the world, "September 11" is still part of the archaic theater of violence aimed at striking the imagination. One will be able to do even worse tomorrow, invisibly, in silence, more quickly and without any bloodshed, by attacking the computer and informational networks on which the entire life (social, economic, military, and so on) of a "great nation," of the greatest power on earth, depends.”
www.16beavergroup.org/mtarchive/archives/000361.php
I am incredibly- delighted at all the vital discussions about the war & US gov that are FINALLY taking place- & on a mass scale- as a result of this leak .. Simply miraculous..
FREEDOM & PEACE ( transparency, diplomacy & the evolution of such ) FOR ALL WAR NATIONS.
( WARNING - links ( after excerpt ) are NOT for sensitive viewers- ) "Wikileaks have released over 150 supressed images. This is the tip of the iceberg, keep looking, keep publishing.In the last week Wikileaks has released over 150 censored photos and videos of the Tibet uprising and has called on bloggers around the world to help drive the footage through the Chinese internet censorship regime — the so called “Great Firewall of China”The transparency group’s move comes as a response to the the Chinese Public Security Bureau’s carte-blanche censorship of youtube, the BBC, CNN, the Guardian and other sites carrying video footage of the Tibetan people’s recent heroic stand against the inhumane Chinese occupation of Tibet."
fortuzero.wordpress.com/2008/03/31/tibet-western-media-sa...
file.wikileaks.org/file/tibet-protest-photos/index.html
FREE TIBET!!!!!!!!!!!!
Also other dire & serious issues ( out of countless ) - that expose corruption by corporations & gov's:
"A documentary about intensive pig farming due to be screened at the Guardian Hay festival on Sunday is facing a legal threat from one of the companies it investigates. Pig Business criticises the practices of the world's largest pork processor, Smithfield Foods, claiming it is responsible for environmental pollution and health problems among residents near its factories."
www.guardian.co.uk/film/2009/may/29/pig-business-document...
"In an investigation broadcast on BBC Radio 5 on November 14, 2004,[79] it was reported that the site is still contaminated with 'thousands' of metric tons of toxic chemicals, including benzene hexachloride and mercury, held in open containers or loose on the ground. A sample of drinking water from a well near the site had levels of contamination 500 times higher than the maximum limits recommended by the World Health Organization.[80]
In 2009, a day before the 25th anniversary of the disaster, Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), a Delhi based pollution monitoring lab, released latest tests from a study showing that groundwater in areas even three km from the factory up to 38.6 times more pesticides than Indian standards."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhopal_disaster
-
The Blue Mask - Lou Reed - www.goear.com/listen/9960779/the-blue-mask-lou-reed ( & O Superman ) www.goear.com/listen/02cf55d/o-superman-(for-massenet)-la...
Lou Reed The Blue Mask
Lyrics:
They tied his arms behind
his back to teach him how to
swim They put
blood in his coffee and milk
in his gin They stood over the
soldier in
the midst of the squalor
There was war in his body and
it caused his
brain to holler
Make the sacrifice
mutilate my face
If you need someone to kill
I'm a man without a will
Wash the razor in the rain
Let me luxuriate in pain
Please don't set me free
Death means a lot to me
The pain was lean and it made
him scream he knew he was alive
They put a
pin through the nipples on his chest
He thought he was a saint
I've made love to my mother,
killed my father and my brother
What am I
to do
When a sin goes too far, it's
like a runaway car It cannot
be controlled
Spit upon his face and scream
There's no Oedipus today
This is no play you're thinking you
are in What will you say
Take the blue mask down from my face and
look me in the eye I get a
thrill from punishment
I've always been that way
I loathe and despise repentance
You are permanently stained
Your weakness buys indifference
and indiscretion in the streets
Dirty's what you are and clean is what
you're not You deserve to be
soundly beat
Make the sacrifice
Take it all the way
There's no won't high enough
To stop this desperate day
Don't take death away
Cut the finger at the joint
Cut the stallion at his mount
And stuff it in his mouth
---
-
"He who joyfully marches to music rank and file, has already earned my contempt. He has been given a large brain by mistake, since for him the spinal cord would surely suffice. This disgrace to civilization should be done away with at once. Heroism at command, how violently I hate all this, how despicable and ignoble war is; I would rather be torn to shreds than be a part of so base an action. It is my conviction that killing under the cloak of war is nothing but an act of murder. "
Albert Einstein
IMAGINE THE HAPPINESS & GREAT WORK AHEAD OF US WE COULD HAVE AT THE END OF THE WARS!!!!!!!!!
www.goear.com/listen/48d6016/hora-de-la-mehedinti-romania...
NO MORE WAR & FREEDOM FOR ALL WAR NATIONS!!!!!!!!!
Peace.
Avon Park is a city in Highlands County, Florida, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 8,836, and in 2018 the estimated population was 10,695. It is the oldest city in Highlands County, and was named after Stratford-upon-Avon, England.
The first permanent settler in Avon Park was Oliver Martin Crosby, a Connecticut native who moved to the area in 1884 to study the wildlife of the Everglades. By 1886, enough people had followed that the town of "Lake Forest" was founded. As president of the Florida Development Company, he recruited settlers to the area, many of whom were from England, including many from the town of Stratford-upon-Avon, who gave the town its name.
In 2006, then-mayor Thomas Macklin proposed City Ordinance 08-06, which would have blocked the issuance or renewal of city licenses to businesses that hired illegal aliens, fined any property owner who rented and leased property to illegal aliens, and established English as the city's official language, banning the use of other languages during the conduct of official business except where specified under state or federal law. The ordinance was defeated by the city council, on a 3–2 vote.
Avon Park is located in northwestern Highlands County at 27°35′40″N 81°30′12″W (27.594418, -81.503437). 27/98 is the main highway through the city, leading north 23 miles (37 km) to Lake Wales and south 10 miles (16 km) to Sebring. Florida State Road 17 (Main Street) leads east through the center of Avon Park, then south 10 miles to the center of Sebring. Florida State Road 64 leads west from Avon Park 19 miles (31 km) to Zolfo Springs.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Avon Park has a total area of 8.2 square miles (21.2 km2), of which 7.1 square miles (18.5 km2) are land and 1.0 square mile (2.6 km2), or 12.43%, are water.[3] The city is located in a karst landscape underlain by the limestone Florida Platform, and numerous circular lakes are either within the city limits (Lake Tulane, Lake Verona, and Lake Isis) or border the city (Lake Anoka, Lake Lelia, Lake Glenada, Lake Lotela, Lake Denton, Little Red Water Lake, Pioneer Lake, Lake Brentwood, Lake Byrd, Lake Damon, and Lake Lillian).
Credit for the data above is given to the following website:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avon_Park,_Florida
© All Rights Reserved - you may not use this image in any form without my prior permission.
Its always a nice feeling to get an image in Explore!!
(-8
Thanks for your Favorites, Views, and Comments my Flickr Friends!!!
1. snow on Topsail Island, 2. sunset on the first week of the new year..., 3. gosh barn!!, 4. the Sky's the Limit!, 5. flower at sunset, 6. West Virginia Fall, 7. a different lifestyle..., 8. flickr.com/photos/85237918@N00/1478852591/,
9. deck, gate, beach, ocean, clouds, sky, 10. beach house in September, 11. unusual sky, 12. flowers, 13. Karen, Tara, & Terese, 14. flowers, 15. Mono Lake from above, 16. Sofitel lamps,
17. LOVE is ALL you Need..., 18. flower tribute, 19. Caswell County sunset, 20. sunset revisited, 21. clouds, 22. flickr.com/photos/85237918@N00/273032692/, 23. C17 over Topsail, 24. Pennsylvania farm house,
25. I see the ocean..., 26. Pop's 85th birthday, 27. Dreams of catching the big one at sunset., 28. Got Gas?, 29. Star Barn
Created with fd's Flickr Toys.
© photo rights reserved by B℮n
Andalusia is located in southern Spain and covers an area of 8 provinces. Andalusia is the second largest autonomous region in Spain. Beautiful Andalucía, the land of olives, oranges, sunflowers, beautiful mountain ranges and valleys, nice white mountain villages with beautiful squares, is a bridge between two continents, Africa and Europe, and is the point where the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea meet. There is something for everyone in Andalusia, from culture to beautiful terraces, sights, long beaches, beautiful inland areas with beautiful reservoirs, mountains and nice villages to visit. Málaga is second-most populous city of Andalusia. Known to many as the capital of the Costa del Sol, Málaga is more than a seaside city. Málaga's history spans about 2,800 years, making it one of the oldest cities in Europe. It was founded about 770 BC by the Phoenicians as Malaka. The archaeological remains and monuments from the Phoenician, Roman, Arabic and Christian eras make the historic center of the city an "open museum", displaying its history of nearly 3,000 years. The Cathedral of Málaga is located within the limits defined by a now missing portion of the medieval Moorish walls. The Cathedral is a Roman Catholic church in its Renaissance architectural tradition. It was constructed between 1528 and 1782. The façade, unlike the rest of the building, is in Baroque style. The tower is 84 metres high. A series of grand artworks fills the sanctuary, among them are the Gothic altarpiece of the Chapel of Santa Barbara and the 16th century tombs of the Chapel of San Francisco.
Málaga is one of the oldest cities in Spain and hallmarks of its rich past are scattered across Malaga: the cobbled streets of the old quarter, its mountainside Roman Amphitheatre, the Moorish citadels of the Alcazaba and Gilfarbaro. And even once the sight-seeing is done, there’s still a city full of rooftop bars, gleaming boutique stores and nearby beaches to explore. Cathedral of Málaga built between 1528 and 1782, the construction was never completed. The “one-armed” as known by Malaga´s inhabitants, is without hesitation the most important monument of the city. Its different towers, its magnificient facade and its legacy makes it a master piece on its own.
Andalusië ligt in zuid Spanje en beslaat een gebied van 8 provincies. Andalusië de op één na grootste autonome regio in Spanje en meer dan twee keer zo groot als Nederland. Het mooie Andalusië, het land van de olijven, sinaasappels, zonnebloemen, mooie bergketens en valleien, leuke witte bergdorpen met mooie pleintjes, is een brug tussen twee continenten, Afrika en Europa, en is het punt waar de Atlantische Oceaan en de Middellandse Zee elkaar ontmoeten. Er is voor elk wat wils in Andalusië, van cultuur tot mooie terrasjes, bezienswaardigheden, lange stranden, prachtige binnenlanden met mooie stuwmeren, bergen en leuke dorpen om te bezoeken. Málaga is de tweede meest bevolkte stad van Andalusië. Málaga is bij velen bekend als de hoofdstad van de Costa del Sol en is meer dan een stad aan zee. De geschiedenis van Málaga beslaat ongeveer 2.800 jaar en is daarmee een van de oudste steden van Europa. Het werd gesticht rond 770 voor Christus door de Feniciërs als Malaka. De archeologische overblijfselen en monumenten uit de Fenicische, Romeinse, Arabische en christelijke tijdperken maken van het historische centrum van de stad een "open museum", met een geschiedenis van bijna 3000 jaar. De kathedraal van Málaga bevindt zich naast de ontbrekend deel van de middeleeuwse Moorse muren. De kathedraal is een rooms-katholieke kerk. Het werd gebouwd tussen 1528 en 1782. De gevel, in tegenstelling tot de rest van het gebouw, is in barokstijl. De toren is 84 meter hoog. Een reeks grootse kunstwerken vult het heiligdom, waaronder het gotische altaarstuk van de kapel van Santa Barbara en de 16e-eeuwse graven van de kapel van San Francisco. El “one-arm”" zoals bekend bij de inwoners van Malaga, is zonder aarzeling het belangrijkste monument van de stad.
Barcelona. Catalonia.
Check it out my Portfolio: GETTY IMAGES
Maybe you like this: / Facebook / Instagram
Barcelona (English /bɑrsɨˈloʊnə/, Catalan: [bərsəˈɫonə], Spanish: [barθeˈlona]) is a Spanish city, capital of the autonomous community of Catalonia and the second largest city in the country, with a population of 1,620,943[1] within its administrative limits. The urban area of Barcelona extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 4.5 million,[2][3] being the sixth-most populous urban area in the European Union after Paris, London, the Ruhr, Madrid and Milan. About five million[4][5][6][7][8] people live in the Barcelona metropolitan area. It is also the largest metropolis on the Mediterranean Sea. It is located on the Mediterranean coast between the mouths of the rivers Llobregat and Besòs and is bounded to the west by the Serra de Collserola ridge (512 metres (1,680 ft)).
My bicycle is leaning against the statue.
"The Palazzo Pubblico (‘Public Palace’) is the town hall of the City of San Marino as well as its official Government Building. The building, where official State ceremonies take place, is the seat of the Republic's main institutional and administrative bodies: the Captains Regent, the Grand and General Council, the Council of XII, and the Congress of State.
The main section of the building is topped by battlements over a series of corbels. The clock tower above also features such an arrangement with battlements and corbels. The overall design is similar to the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence, but on a much smaller scale.
Located on the site of an ancient building called the Domus Magna Comunis, the current building was designed by the Roman architect Francesco Azzurri and was built between 1884 and 1894. After a hundred years of existence, it was becoming unsafe in today's standards, so a complex restoration project was undergone. The intervention was completed by the internationally renowned architect Gae Aulenti on 30 September 1996.
The City of San Marino (Italian: Città di San Marino) (also known simply as San Marino or locally as Città) is the capital city of the Republic of San Marino, Southern Europe. The city has a population of 4,044. It is on the western slopes of San Marino's highest point, Monte Titano.
San Marino (/ˌsæn məˈriːnoʊ/, Italian: [sam maˈriːno]), officially the Republic of San Marino (Italian: Repubblica di San Marino; Romagnol: Ripóbblica d' San Marein), also known as the Most Serene Republic of San Marino (Italian: Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino), is a microstate in Southern Europe completely enclosed by Italy.
Located on the northeastern side of the Apennine Mountains, San Marino covers a land area of just over 61 km2 (24 sq mi), and has a population of 33,562. Its capital is the City of San Marino and its largest settlement is Dogana. San Marino's official language is Italian.
The country derives its name from Saint Marinus, a stonemason from the then Roman island of Rab, in modern-day Croatia. Born in AD 275, Marinus participated in the reconstruction of Rimini's city walls after their destruction by Liburnian pirates. Marinus then went on to found an independent monastic community on Monte Titano in AD 301; thus, San Marino lays claim to being the oldest extant sovereign state, as well as the oldest constitutional republic.
San Marino's politics are ruled by its constitution, which dictates that every six months San Marino's parliament must elect two Captains Regent. The Captains Regent have equal powers, and are free to exercise them within the limits of the constitution and parliamentary legislation until their term expires.
The country's economy is mainly based on finance, industry, services and tourism. It is one of the wealthiest countries in the world in terms of GDP per capita, with a figure comparable to the most developed European regions. San Marino is considered to have a highly stable economy, with one of the lowest unemployment rates in Europe, no national debt and a budget surplus." - info from Wikipedia.
Summer 2019 I did a solo cycling tour across Europe through 12 countries over the course of 3 months. I began my adventure in Edinburgh, Scotland and finished in Florence, Italy cycling 8,816 km. During my trip I took 47,000 photos.
Now on Instagram.
Become a patron to my photography on Patreon.
Don't tell me the sky is the limit, there are footprints on the moon!.
°° Words to the Picture °°
Well.. hope everyone had a great weekend and had chances to get some shots .. well i didn’t .. was freezin cold and moist and it doesn’t really makes you wanna go out. So i had some time looking at my archives during the weekend and found some shots, that i will re-processed and re-upload in the upcoming days ..
But for today .. i’ll upload the last shot of the series .. hope you enjoyed it aswell as i did .. after this one .. it’ll be a mix of „old“ shots from 2010.
EXPLORED! November 29, 2010 (Highest Rank #301). Thank you all guys, for making this one be exposed in explore.
*Please refrain from posting Invites, Graphics and Photos in your Comments, they will be deleted*
Thank you all in advance for taking your time and leaving a thought, appreciate it a lot. I’ll be dropping by your stream as soon as i can. Til then wish you all a great day!
Lunes... volvemos a la carga después de una merecida semana de vacaciones!!!! hoy vamos con una localización a la que siempre decía que tenia que ir, y nunca iba... y eso que me queda bien cerca de casa!!!
La piramide de Mussolini.
Ubicada en lo mas alto del puerto del Escudo justo en el limite con entra las provincias de Cantabria y Burgos, podemos encontrar una construcción con forma piramidal de unos 20 metros de altura, construida en cemento y forrada con placas de caliza. Construida por orden del general Franco en el año 1937. Su interior alberga los restos de 372 soldados del CTV (Corpo Troppe Voltaire) que cayeron entre el 15 y el 17 de Agosto de 1937 en el asalto a las posiciones republicanas de Santander.Los cuerpos fueron exhumados en los años 70 y trasladados a la iglesia italiana de San Antonio, en Torrero.
Canon Eos 5DmkIII
Samyang 14mm f/2,8
Iso 1600
20"
WB 4750ºK
Iluminación luz de luna y Maglite 3D
Tuesday, 7 January 2020: temperature is -9C (windchill -14C) around noon. Sunrise is at 8:38 am, sunset is at 4:47 pm. Heavily overcast and waiting for the forecast snow to start this afternoon. We are in for bitterly cold weather for the next week. Supposed to get down to -26C on Monday 13 January (windchill -32C).
This morning, 7 January 2020, I have added photos taken on two different days. Nothing special, but just wanted to get them out of the way. The annual New Year's Day Count in Fish Creek Park resulted in just one quick shot, posted only as a record that I participated in this Count. The other 12 photos were taken on 3 January 2020, when I took part in the BirdYYC2020 kickoff day of birding. This involved visiting several different locations in Calgary, including Carburn Park starting at 8:30 am, Shannon Terrace and Votier's Flats in Fish Creek Park, and Queen's Park Cemetery (which I had never been to before). I did the walk at Carburn, but shortened my walk in Fish Creek Park. The final walk at Queen's Park Cemetery made me feel that I couldn't take one more step!
Many thanks, Tony, for the ride - I would not have been able to drive to the meeting place in the dark with poor night vision, so would have had to miss the day.
"BirdYYC2020 is a year-long challenge in which participants try to find as many species of birds as they can within the Calgary city limits." This is meant to be a challenge, not a competition, but I can well imagine there will be tremendous competition amongst many of the participating birders. I did register, but I'm not really taking part. I don't possess a smart phone, anyway.
Ethiopia (Abisinia), África pura
© All rights reserved. © Copyright.
Do not use my photography withaut my permision.
Viaje de 8 días por Ethiopia. Empezamos por el Norte, el desierto, la Depresión de Danakil, el lugar más caluroso del planeta, dominado por la etnia Afar, para posteriormente bajar al Sur, la sabana, el Valle del Rio Omo, visitando diferentes etnias ( Dorze, Konso, Hamer y Dassanech). Extenuante pero corto, muy corto.
Ethiopia (Abisinia, el Reino de Saba en la Biblia) es un lugar inhóspito y no muy bien preparado para el turismo y debes contar con una agencia que organice tu aventura (yo fui con Karibu, www.kaett.com). Ethiopia limita con países en conflicto y en los desplazamientos por el Norte, el desierto, estarás acompañado por policía o milicianos armados, además de guía, cocinero, pinche y conductores.
Primer día, llegamos mi mujer y yo, a primeros de Mayo, época no turística debido al calor, a Addis Ababa, con Ethiopian Airlines, para enlazar con un vuelo regional a Makele. En Makele montamos en 4x4 para desplazarnos a Dallol, zona desértica con temperaturas de noche 26 y día 45ºC. Dormimos de acampada, al aire libre sobre camastros, junto con todos nuestros acompañantes, el viento y millones de estrellas. El calor, agobiante, Mayo no es el mejor mes para visitar Danakil. Antes de dormir vislumbramos las caravanas de camellos trasportando la sal depositada en el desierto al secarse un mar interior miles de años atrás. También visitamos las salinas infinitas, con una puesta de Sol, con reflejos, única.
El segundo día visitamos la Puerta del Infierno, una zona donde la tierra expulsa compuestos de azufre continuamente y donde se han generado unos cráteres freáticos únicos en el mundo, de una extraordinaria belleza y colorido. Andábamos sobre cristales de azufre y óxidos metálicos que crujían bajo nuestros pies. Al terminar la jornada las zapatillas habían pasado a mejor vida. Siempre acompañados por un Kalashnikova AK 47. Llegar hasta allí en un 4x4 sobre las salinas infinitas, con 20 cm de agua sobre la superficie y a 10 km/h durante 2 o 3 hrs, sin llegar nunca, sin ver fondo bajo las ruedas, es uno de los muchos gratos recuerdos que nos ha proporcionado esta superaventura. Más tarde visitamos a los Afar durante su trabajo diario, cortar bloques de sal de 30x40x8 cm que se cargarán sobre los camellos para transportarlos en caravanas infinitas. Aquí todo es infinito. Trabajan bajo un Sol abrasador, pero aunque el Gobierno les ofrece mecanizar la explotación, los Afar no lo permiten, temen perder su forma de vida. Ya no sé dónde dormimos, quizás en Dodhom, donde mataron un cabrito para cenar.
El tercer día pretendíamos subir por la noche al Erta Ale, volcán activo con una caldera de magma en ebullición. Al llegar al campo base para gestionar permisos y más y más acompañantes, las temperaturas habían subido a 52ºC. Esta es la zona más caliente de la Tierra y el espesor de la corteza terrestre es el más estrecho de todos los continentes. De hecho esta es la zona del Rift, donde el cuerno de África se escindirá del continente en algunos miles de años. Estamos 110m por debajo del nivel del mar. Mi mujer sufrió un pequeño golpe de calor mientras tratábamos de comer algo a 52ºC y por prudencia descartamos subir al Arte Ale, lo dejamos, o mejor dicho, lo dejaré para un próximo viaje. Se suben 10Km andando por la noche durante unas 4 horas y se duerme en la caldera, tomando fotos del magma durante la noche, para bajar a primera hora de la mañana, antes de que el Sol abrase.. Así las cosas, decidimos volver a Makele (necesitábamos hotel y descanso) pero de camino visitamos un pequeño lago encantador, quizás el lago Bakili, junto a las salinas, dado que el cambio de planes no nos permitiría ya visitar el Lago Afdera de aguas color esmeralda.
El cuarto día, improvisando, desde Makele hicimos una visita a una de las miles iglesias en Ethiopia excavadas en la roca, donde el prior nos abrió y atendió con sumo cariño, y posteriormente visitamos la Misión del Padre Ángel, amigo Vasco que realiza una labor extraordinaria en la zona. El Padre Ángel (www. Angelolaran.com) aparenta muchos más años de los que tiene, eso es debido sin duda a una larga vida de sufrimiento. Nos invitó a comer en la misión pero tuvimos que descartarlo para volver a Makele y tomar vuelo a Addis Ababa, también queda pendiente para un próximo viaje. A la vuelta enviamos un donativo a la Misión, ese país y Ángel necesitan de toda nuestra ayuda.
Quinto día, desde Addis Ababa tomamos un 4x4 para desplazarnos hacia el Sur, rico en Etnias, poblados, tribus, que nos iban a enamorar. Ni que decir tiene que a estas alturas ya me había convertido en un maestro de la fotografía en desplazamiento, a 80 Km/h en 4x4 se obtienen, a 1/2000s, unas fotografías impagables, las carreteras están llenas de vida y de color. Por la tarde llegamos a Arba Minch, donde habitan los Dorze, a una cota de 3.200m , en sus casas de bambú. Las chozas, de unos 40m2 pueden incluso transportarse con ayuda de 60 personas cuando las termitas se comen la base de sus troncos. Tienen la apariencia de la cabeza de un elefante. Esa noche dormimos en el Paradise Lodge, recomendable, en una cabaña con vistas a los lagos Abaya y Chamo. Estábamos muertos, no hice fotos de la vía láctea y no me lo perdonaré nunca, pero conseguí unos amaneceres únicos.
Sexto día, de nuevo en 4x4 y 1/2000s. Nos desplazamos a las tierras altas donde habita la Etnia Konso, en el rio Segen. Los Konso son la tribu más organizada y han sido reconocidos como Patrimonio de la Humanidad por Unesco. Un ejemplo, la piedra de la verdad, donde ante el Consejo del Pueblo ningún vecino se atrevería a mentir influenciado por un temor ancestral a sufrir los peores males como consecuencia de mentir mientras se está de pie sobre esa piedra. La visita a su poblado es indescriptible, una sociedad muy avanzada con un nivel jerárquico bien asumido y una socialización envidiable. Después, desplazamiento a la zona de Turmi, donde empezamos a cruzarnos con los Hamer, pintados con barro en el pelo y acompañados de collares de conchas. Dormimos en el Busca Lodge, con generador eléctrico que arranca de 6 a 9, eso sí, por la mañana y por la noche.
Séptimo día, cruzando el rio Omo en piragua (tronco de árbol vaciado) para visitar a los nómadas Dassanech. ¡Qué encanto!. Nos recibieron con sus bailes y pasamos la mañana de su mano, sí, nos llevaban de la mano mientras nos enseñaban su poblado. Sus poblados se caracterizan por el uso de chapa de lata para cubrir sus chozas, ese material que les han traído los Dioses les permite que la vida de su choza se alargue por varios años, además de mantenerlas secas, maravillas de la tecnología. Unos globos y caramelos son el regalo más apreciado por los niños. Por la tarde visita al mercado de Turmi, donde los Hamer y otras tribus se dan cita para intercambiar sus productos (grano, ganado, madera trabajada,...). Más tarde, casi a la puesta de Sol visitamos un poblado Hamer. De chozas con vallado para los animales. Igual de encantadores que los Dassenech, solo nos atendieron los niños, los adultos vienen andando desde el mercado de Turmi. Los niños te piden 5 Birs por cada foto que les haces (íbamos armados con fajos de billetes de 5, claro), el capitalismo está llegando para quedarse. Sonrisas y bromas continuamente, inolvidable. De nuevo al hotel con acotado horario para la ducha.
Octavo día, 4x4 a Arba Minch y vuelo regional a Addis Ababa, con shopping y cena étnica para tomar vuelo de nuevo para Madrid (Ida y vuelta nocturna).
Algún bajón de tensión, golpes de calor, catarros por el A/A del 4x4, diarrea (posiblemente el contacto con los billetes viejos contaminados con todo tipo de gérmenes), pero desde ya, contando ansioso los días que faltan para volver de nuevo. Bendita África pura.
380 imágenes para enmarcar y el 24-120mm muerto, no enfoca, directamente a Nikon...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Bridge
Tower Bridge is a combined bascule and suspension bridge in London, England, over the River Thames. It is close to the Tower of London, which gives it its name.Name[›] It has become an iconic symbol of London.
The bridge consists of two towers which are tied together at the upper level by means of two horizontal walkways which are designed to withstand the horizontal forces exerted by the suspended sections of the bridge on the land-ward sides of the towers. The vertical component of the forces in the suspended sections and the vertical reactions of the two walkways are carried by the two robust towers. The bascule pivots and operating machinery are housed in the base of each tower. Its present colour dates from 1977 when it was painted red, white and blue for the Queen's Silver Jubilee. Originally it was painted a chocolate brown colour.[1]
Tower Bridge is sometimes mistakenly referred to as London Bridge, which is actually the next bridge upstream.[2] A popular urban legend is that in 1968, Robert McCulloch, the purchaser of the old London Bridge that was later shipped to Lake Havasu City, Arizona, believed that he was in fact buying Tower Bridge. This was denied by McCulloch himself and has been debunked by Ivan Luckin, the seller of the bridge.[3]
The nearest London Underground station is Tower Hill on the Circle and District Lines.
The nearest Docklands Light Railway station is Tower Gateway.
In the second half of the 19th century, increased commercial development in the East End of London led to a requirement for a new river crossing downstream of London Bridge. A traditional fixed bridge could not be built because it would cut off access to the port facilities in the Pool of London, between London Bridge and the Tower of London.
A Special Bridge or Subway Committee was formed in 1876, chaired by Sir Albert Joseph Altman, to find a solution to the river crossing problem. It opened the design of the crossing to public competition. Over 50 designs were submitted, including one from civil engineer Sir Joseph Bazalgette. The evaluation of the designs was surrounded by controversy, and it was not until 1884 that a design submitted by Horace Jones, the City Architect (who was also one of the judges),[4] was approved.
Jones' engineer, Sir John Wolfe Barry, devised the idea of a bascule bridge with two towers built on piers. The central span was split into two equal bascules or leaves, which could be raised to allow river traffic to pass. The two side-spans were suspension bridges, with the suspension rods anchored both at the abutments and through rods contained within the bridge's upper walkways.
Construction started in 1886 and took eight years with five major contractors – Sir John Jackson (foundations), Baron Armstrong (hydraulics), William Webster, Sir H.H. Bartlett, and Sir William Arrol & Co.[5] – and employed 432 construction workers. E W Crutwell was the resident engineer for the construction.[6]
Two massive piers, containing over 70,000 tons of concrete,[4] were sunk into the riverbed to support the construction. Over 11,000 tons of steel provided the framework for the towers and walkways.[4] This was then clad in Cornish granite and Portland stone, both to protect the underlying steelwork and to give the bridge a pleasing appearance.
Jones died in 1887 and George D. Stevenson took over the project.[4] Stevenson replaced Jones' original brick facade with the more ornate Victorian Gothic style, which makes the bridge a distinctive landmark, and was intended to harmonise the bridge with the nearby Tower of London.[6] The total cost of construction was £1,184,000.[6]
The bridge was officially opened on 30 June 1894 by The Prince of Wales (the future King Edward VII), and his wife, The Princess of Wales (Alexandra of Denmark).[7]
The bridge connected Iron Gate, on the north bank of the river, with Horsleydown Lane, on the south – now known as Tower Bridge Approach and Tower Bridge Road, respectively.[6] Until the bridge was opened, the Tower Subway – 400 m to the west – was the shortest way to cross the river from Tower Hill to Tooley Street in Southwark. Opened in 1870, Tower Subway was the world's first underground ('tube') railway, but closed after just three months and was re-opened as a pedestrian foot tunnel. Once Tower Bridge was open, the majority of foot traffic transferred to using the bridge, there being no toll to pay to use it. Having lost most of its income, the tunnel was closed in 1898.[8]
Tower Bridge is one of five London bridges now owned and maintained by the Bridge House Estates, a charitable trust overseen by the City of London Corporation. It is the only one of the Trust's bridges not to connect the City of London to the Southwark bank, the northern landfall is in Tower Hamlets.
The bridge is 800 feet (244 m) in length with two towers each 213 feet (65 m) high, built on piers. The central span of 200 feet (61 m) between the towers is split into two equal bascules or leaves, which can be raised to an angle of 83 degrees to allow river traffic to pass. The bascules, weighing over 1,000 tons each, are counterbalanced to minimize the force required and allow raising in five minutes.
The two side-spans are suspension bridges, each 270 feet (82 m) long, with the suspension rods anchored both at the abutments and through rods contained within the bridge's upper walkways. The pedestrian walkways are 143 feet (44 m) above the river at high tide.[6]
The original raising mechanism was powered by pressurised water stored in several hydraulic accumulators.Hydraulics[›][clarification needed]
The system was designed and installed by Sir W. G. Armstrong Mitchell & Company of Newcastle upon Tyne. Water, at a pressure of 750 psi, was pumped into the accumulators by two 360 hp stationary steam engines, each driving a force pump from its piston tail rod. The accumulators each comprise a 20-inch ram on which sits a very heavy weight to maintain the desired pressure.
In 1974, the original operating mechanism was largely replaced by a new electro-hydraulic drive system, designed by BHA Cromwell House. The only components of the original system still in use are the final pinions, which engage with the racks fitted to the bascules. These are driven by modern hydraulic motors and gearing, using oil rather than water as the hydraulic fluid.[9]
Some of the original hydraulic machinery has been retained, although it is no longer in use. It is open to the public and forms the basis for the bridge's museum, which resides in the old engine rooms on the south side of the bridge. The museum includes the steam engines, two of the accumulators and one of the hydraulic engines that moved the bascules, along with other related artefacts.
During World War II, as a precaution against the existing engines being damaged by enemy action, a third engine was installed in 1942:[10] a 150 hp horizontal cross-compound engine, built by Vickers Armstrong Ltd. at their Elswick works in Newcastle upon Tyne. It was fitted with a flywheel having a 9-foot diameter and weighing 9 tons, and was governed to a speed of 30 rpm.
The engine became redundant when the rest of the system was modernised in 1974, and was donated to the Forncett Industrial Steam Museum by the Corporation of the City of London.
To control the passage of river traffic through the bridge, a number of different rules and signals were employed. Daytime control was provided by red semaphore signals, mounted on small control cabins on either end of both bridge piers. At night, coloured lights were used, in either direction, on both piers: two red lights to show that the bridge was closed, and two green to show that it was open. In foggy weather, a gong was sounded as well.[6]
Vessels passing through the bridge had to display signals too: by day, a black ball at least 2 feet (0.61 m) in diameter was to be mounted high up where it could be seen; by night, two red lights in the same position. Foggy weather required repeated blasts from the ship's steam whistle.[6]
If a black ball was suspended from the middle of each walkway (or a red light at night) this indicated that the bridge could not be opened. These signals were repeated about 1,000 yards (910 m) downstream, at Cherry Garden Pier, where boats needing to pass through the bridge had to hoist their signals/lights and sound their horn, as appropriate, to alert the Bridge Master.[6]
Some of the control mechanism for the signalling equipment has been preserved and may be seen working in the bridge's museum.
Although the bridge is an undoubted landmark, professional commentators in the early 20th century were critical of its aesthetics. "It represents the vice of tawdriness and pretentiousness, and of falsification of the actual facts of the structure", wrote H. H. Statham,[11] while Frank Brangwyn stated that "A more absurd structure than the Tower Bridge was never thrown across a strategic river".[12]
Architectural historian Dan Cruickshank selected the bridge as one of his four choices for the 2002 BBC television documentary series Britain's Best Buildings.[13]
Tower Bridge is still a busy and vital crossing of the Thames: it is crossed by over 40,000 people (motorists and pedestrians) every day.[14] The bridge is on the London Inner Ring Road, and is on the eastern boundary of the London congestion charge zone. (Drivers do not incur a charge by crossing the bridge.)
In order to maintain the integrity of the historic structure, the City of London Corporation have imposed a 20 miles per hour (32 km/h) speed restriction, and an 18-tonne weight limit on vehicles using the bridge. A sophisticated camera system measures the speed of traffic crossing the bridge, utilising a number plate recognition system to send fixed penalty charges to speeding drivers.[citation needed]
A second system monitors other vehicle parameters. Induction loops and piezoelectric detectors are used to measure the weight, the height of the chassis above ground level, and the number of axles for each vehicle.[citation needed]
River traffic
The bascules are raised around 1000 times a year.[15] River traffic is now much reduced, but it still takes priority over road traffic. Today, 24 hours' notice is required before opening the bridge. In 2008, a local web developer created a Twitter feed to post live updates of the bridge's opening and closing activities.[16]
A computer system was installed in 2000 to control the raising and lowering of the bascules remotely. Unfortunately it proved less reliable than desired, resulting in the bridge being stuck in the open or closed positions on several occasions during 2005, until its sensors were replaced.[14]
The high-level walkways between the towers gained an unpleasant reputation as a haunt for prostitutes and pickpockets and were closed in 1910. In 1982 they were reopened as part of the Tower Bridge Exhibition, an exhibition now housed in the bridge's twin towers, the high-level walkways and the Victorian engine rooms. The walkways boast stunning views of the River Thames and many famous London sites, serving as viewing galleries for over 380,000 tourists[citation needed] who visit each year. The exhibition also uses films, photos and interactives to explain why and how Tower Bridge was built. Visitors can access the original steam engines that once powered the bridge bascules, housed in a building close to the south end of the bridge.
In April 2008 it was announced that the bridge will undergo a 'facelift' costing £4m, and taking four years to complete. The work entails stripping off the existing paint and repainting in blue and white. Each section will be enshrouded in scaffolding to prevent the old paint from falling into the Thames and causing pollution. Starting in mid-2008, contractors will work on a quarter of the bridge at a time to minimise disruption, but some road closures are inevitable. The bridge will remain open until the end of 2010, but is then expected to be closed for several months. It is hoped that the completed work will stand for 25 years.[17]
The walkway section of the renovation was completed in mid 2009. Within the walkways a versatile new lighting system has been installed, designed by Eleni Shiarlis, for when the walkways are in use for exhibitions or functions. The new system provides for both feature and atmospheric lighting, the latter using bespoke RGB LED luminares, designed to be concealed within the bridge superstructure and fixed without the need for drilling (these requirements as a result of the bridge's Grade I status).[18]
In December 1952, the bridge opened while a number 78 double-decker bus (stock number RT 793) was on it. At that time, the gateman would ring a warning bell and close the gates when the bridge was clear before the watchman ordered the lift. The process failed while a relief watchman was on duty. The bus was near the edge of the south bascule when it started to rise; driver Albert Gunter made a split-second decision to accelerate the bus, clearing a three-foot drop on to the north bascule, which had not started to rise. There were no serious injuries.[19]
Main article: Hawker Hunter Tower Bridge incident
On 5 April 1968 a Hawker Hunter FGA.9 jet fighter from No.1 Squadron RAF, flown by Flt Lt Alan Pollock, flew under Tower Bridge. Unimpressed that senior staff were not going to celebrate the RAF's 50th birthday with a fly-past, Pollock decided to do something himself. Without authorisation, Pollock flew the Hunter at low level down the Thames, past the Houses of Parliament, and continued on to Tower Bridge. He flew the Hunter beneath the bridge's walkway, remarking afterwards it was an afterthought when he saw the bridge looming ahead of him. Pollock was placed under arrest upon landing, and discharged from the RAF on medical grounds without the chance to defend himself at a court martial.[20][21]
In May 1997,[22] the motorcade of United States President Bill Clinton was divided by the opening of the bridge. Thames sailing barge Gladys, on her way to a gathering at St Katharine Docks, arrived on schedule and the bridge was duly opened for her. Returning from a Thames-side lunch at Le Pont de la Tour restaurant, with UK Prime Minister Tony Blair, President Clinton was less punctual, and arrived just as the bridge was rising. The bridge opening split the motorcade in two, much to the consternation of security staff. A spokesman for Tower Bridge is quoted as saying, "We tried to contact the American Embassy, but they wouldn't answer the 'phone."[23]
On 19 August 1999, Jef Smith, a Freeman of the City of London, drove a "herd" of two sheep across the bridge. He was exercising an ancient permission, granted as a right to Freemen, to make a point about the powers of older citizens and the way in which their rights were being eroded.[24] However, this was a hollow gesture as the so-called right is to drive sheep across London Bridge into the City of London, and Tower Bridge does not have its northern landfall in the City.[citation needed]
Before dawn on 31 October 2003, David Crick, a Fathers 4 Justice campaigner, climbed a 120 ft (37 m) tower crane near Tower Bridge at the start of a six-day protest dressed as Spider-Man.[25] Fearing for his safety, and that of motorists should he fall, police cordoned off the area, closing the bridge and surrounding roads and causing widespread traffic congestion across the City and east London. The Metropolitan Police were later criticised for maintaining the closure for five days when this was not strictly necessary in the eyes of some citizens.[26][27]
On May 11, 2009, six persons were trapped and injured after a lift fell 10 ft inside the north tower.[28][29]
Fort Lauderdale is a city in the U.S. state of Florida, 25 miles (40 km) north of Miami. It is the county seat of Broward County. As of the 2019 census, the city has an estimated population of 182,437. Fort Lauderdale is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area, which was home to an estimated 6,198,782 people in 2018.
The city is a popular tourist destination, with an average year-round temperature of 75.5 °F (24.2 °C) and 3,000 hours of sunshine per year. Greater Fort Lauderdale which takes in all of Broward County hosted 12 million visitors in 2012, including 2.8 million international visitors. The city and county in 2012 collected $43.9 million from the 5% hotel tax it charges, after hotels in the area recorded an occupancy rate for the year of 72.7 percent and an average daily rate of $114.48. The district has 561 hotels and motels comprising nearly 35,000 rooms. Forty six cruise ships sailed from Port Everglades in 2012. Greater Fort Lauderdale has over 4,000 restaurants, 63 golf courses, 12 shopping malls, 16 museums, 132 nightclubs, 278 parkland campsites, and 100 marinas housing 45,000 resident yachts.
Fort Lauderdale is named after a series of forts built by the United States during the Second Seminole War. The forts took their name from Major William Lauderdale (1782–1838), younger brother of Lieutenant Colonel James Lauderdale. William Lauderdale was the commander of the detachment of soldiers who built the first fort. However, development of the city did not begin until 50 years after the forts were abandoned at the end of the conflict. Three forts named "Fort Lauderdale" were constructed; the first was at the fork of the New River, the second at Tarpon Bend on the New River between the Colee Hammock and Rio Vista neighborhoods, and the third near the site of the Bahia Mar Marina.
The area in which the city of Fort Lauderdale would later be founded was inhabited for more than two thousand years by the Tequesta Indians. Contact with Spanish explorers in the 16th century proved disastrous for the Tequesta, as the Europeans unwittingly brought with them diseases, such as smallpox, to which the native populations possessed no resistance. For the Tequesta, disease, coupled with continuing conflict with their Calusa neighbors, contributed greatly to their decline over the next two centuries. By 1763, there were only a few Tequesta left in Florida, and most of them were evacuated to Cuba when the Spanish ceded Florida to the British in 1763, under the terms of the Treaty of Paris (1763), which ended the Seven Years' War. Although control of the area changed between Spain, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Confederate States of America, it remained largely undeveloped until the 20th century.
The Fort Lauderdale area was known as the "New River Settlement" before the 20th century. In the 1830s there were approximately 70 settlers living along the New River. William Cooley, the local Justice of the Peace, was a farmer and wrecker, who traded with the Seminole Indians. On January 6, 1836, while Cooley was leading an attempt to salvage a wrecked ship, a band of Seminoles attacked his farm, killing his wife and children, and the children's tutor. The other farms in the settlement were not attacked, but all the white residents in the area abandoned the settlement, fleeing first to the Cape Florida Lighthouse on Key Biscayne, and then to Key West.
The first United States stockade named Fort Lauderdale was built in 1838, and subsequently was a site of fighting during the Second Seminole War. The fort was abandoned in 1842, after the end of the war, and the area remained virtually unpopulated until the 1890s. It was not until Frank Stranahan arrived in the area in 1893 to operate a ferry across the New River, and the Florida East Coast Railroad's completion of a route through the area in 1896, that any organized development began. The city was incorporated in 1911, and in 1915 was designated the county seat of newly formed Broward County.
Fort Lauderdale's first major development began in the 1920s, during the Florida land boom of the 1920s. The 1926 Miami Hurricane and the Great Depression of the 1930s caused a great deal of economic dislocation. In July 1935, an African-American man named Rubin Stacy was accused of robbing a white woman at knife point. He was arrested and being transported to a Miami jail when police were run off the road by a mob. A group of 100 white men proceeded to hang Stacy from a tree near the scene of his alleged robbery. His body was riddled with some twenty bullets. The murder was subsequently used by the press in Nazi Germany to discredit US critiques of its own persecution of Jews, Communists, and Catholics.
When World War II began, Fort Lauderdale became a major US base, with a Naval Air Station to train pilots, radar operators, and fire control, operators. A Coast Guard base at Port Everglades was also established.
On July 4, 1961, African Americans started a series of protests, wade-ins, at beaches that were off-limits to them, to protest "the failure of the county to build a road to the Negro beach". On July 11, 1962, a verdict by Ted Cabot went against the city's policy of racial segregation of public beaches.
Today, Fort Lauderdale is a major yachting center, one of the nation's largest tourist destinations, and the center of a metropolitan division with 1.8 million people.
Credit for the data above is given to the following website:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Lauderdale,_Florida
© All Rights Reserved - you may not use this image in any form without my prior permission.
Lake Atitlán (Spanish: Lago de Atitlán) is a lake in the Guatemalan Highlands of the Sierra Madre de Chiapas mountain range. It is in the Sololá Department of northern Guatemala. "Atitlan" means "at the water" in Nahuatl.
Lake Atitlán is the deepest lake in Central America with a maximum depth of about 340 metres. It is approximately 12 x 5 km with around 20 km3 of water. Atitlán is technically an endorheic lake, as it does not drain into the ocean, but substantial seepage feeds two nearby rivers. It is shaped by deep surrounding escarpments and three volcanoes on its southern flank. The lake basin is volcanic in origin, filling an enormous caldera formed by an eruption 84,000 years ago. The culture of the towns and villages surrounding Lake Atitlán is influenced by the Maya people. The lake is about 50 kilometres west-northwest of Antigua; it should not be confused with the smaller Lake Amatitlán.
Lake Atitlán is renowned as one of the most beautiful lakes in the world; German explorer Alexander von Humboldt is the earliest prominent foreigner to be quoted as calling it "the most beautiful lake in the world," and Aldous Huxley famously wrote of it: "Lake Como, it seems to me, touches on the limit of permissibly picturesque, but Atitlán is Como with additional embellishments of several immense volcanoes. It really is too much of a good thing."
The first volcanic activity in the region occurred about 11 million years ago, and since then has seen four separate episodes of volcanic growth and caldera collapse, the most recent of which began about 1.8 million years ago and culminated in the formation of the present caldera. The lake now fills a large part of the caldera, reaching depths of up to 600 metres.
The caldera-forming eruption is known as Los Chocoyos eruption and ejected up to 300 km3 of tephra. The enormous eruption dispersed ash over an area of some 6 million km²: it has been detected from Florida to Ecuador, and can be used as a stratigraphic marker in both the Pacific and Atlantic oceans (known as Y-8 ash in marine deposits). A chocoyo is a type of bird which is often found nesting in the relatively soft ash layer.
Since the end of Los Chocoyos, continuing volcanic activity has built three volcanoes in the caldera. Volcán Atitlán lies on the southern rim of the caldera, while Volcán San Pedro and Volcán Tolimán lie within the caldera. San Pedro is the oldest of the three and seems to have stopped erupting about 40,000 years ago. Tolimán began growing after San Pedro stopped erupting, and probably remains active, although it has not erupted in historic times. Atitlán has developed almost entirely in the last 10,000 years and remains active, with its most recent eruption having occurred in 1853.
On February 4, 1976, a massive earthquake (magnitude 7.5) struck Guatemala, killing more than 26,000 people. The earthquake fractured the lake bed and caused subsurface drainage from the lake, allowing the water level to drop two meters within one month.
GRUPPI:
10 Awards
10 Awards level 2
10 Awards Top Level 3
AATV L02 - The Terrific 2000s (P1 C3 Sweeper Active)
AATV L03 - The Tremendous 3000s (P1 C3 Sweeper Active)
AATV L04 - The Fabulous 4000s (P1 C3 Sweeper Active)
AATV L05 - The Fantastic 5000s (P1 C3 Sweeper Active)
AATV L06 - The Sexy 6000s (P1 C3 Sweeper Active)
AATV L07 - The Spectacular 7000s (P1 C3 Sweeper Active)
AATV L08 - The Egotistical 8000s (P1 C3 Sweeper Active)
AATV L09 - The Naughty 9000s (P1 C3 Sweeper Active)
AATV L10 - 10000 Plus (P1 C3 Sweeper Active)
Administration Exquisite ( Level 1 )
Artistic & Historical Beauties - P1/C3
*Artist of the Year*~L2 ~ P1/-A5 ~ Invite Only
Art of Images...(P1/A3) / Not Awarding=BAN
A Touch of Magic - P1 / C3
Award Hunter 01 (Photos With Less Than 2500 Comments)
Award Hunter 02 (No Group Limit)
Award Hunter 03 (No Group Limit)
Award Hunter 04 (No Group Limit)
Bastano due parole ( Post 1 - Comm. 3 )
"Beautiful Earth Level 1" (P1-A4) ~ NO PEOPLE
"BEST PEOPLE'S CHOICE"POST1/AWARD 6 SWEEPER ACTIVE
Better Than Good - Level 1 (p1/a5)
Blinkagain P1 A3 New Challenge CURVES (sorry no children)
Build your rainbow L1 TRANSPARENT p1/a5
Build your rainbow L2 RED post 1 - award 5
Build your rainbow L3 ORANGE post 1 - award 5
Build your rainbow L4 YELLOW post 1 - award 5
Build your rainbow L5 GREEN post 1, award 5
Build your rainbow L6 LIGHT BLUE post 1 - award 5
Clap Clap - level 1 (p 1, a 3 - SWEEPER ON)
Clap Clap - level 2 - (p 1, a 3 - SWEEPER ON)
DIAMOND HEART (Post 1-Comment 3)
Digital Club ( Post -1 Award -3 )
"Double Dragon Awards" Post 1 Comment 3 SWEEPER!!
Double Ring of Excellence - Invite Only (P1/A5)
DSLR Autofocus Level 1
DSLR Autofocus Level 2
DSLR Autofocus Level 3
DSLR Autofocus Level 4
DSLR Autofocus Level 5
DSLR Autofocus Level 6
DSLR Autofocus Level 7
Elite Ring of Excellence - Invite Only (P1/A5)
« FLICKR EXPERT GROUPS »1- 4+4 CHAMPION+1 FINAL DIAMOND LEVEL
Frame It! ~Level 01~ (P1/A5)FRAME IT! CONTEST WINNER ANNOUNCED
Give Me 5 - Award The Next 5 Pictures Immediately!
Groupe Charlie L1
Groupe Charlie L2
Groupe Charlie L3
Groupe Charlie L4
Groupe Charlie L5
Groupe Charlie L6
Groupe Charlie L7
Groupe Charlie Level 8
Groupe Charlie Level 9
Groupe Charlie Level 10
Groupe Charlie Level 11
Groupe Charlie L12 (Final Level)
Groupe Charlie Titanium
InfiniteXposure L1 (P1, A3)
InfiniteXposure L2 (P1, A3)
InfiniteXposure L3 (P1,A3)
InfiniteXposure L4 (P1, A3)
Level 1-Photography for Recreation-No Human Photo-P1/A5
Level 2 - Beta - Post 1/Award 4 (at least)
Level 2 Photography for Recreation Silver Award P1/A5
Level 3- Photography for Recreation - Gold - P1/A5
Level 4- Photography for Recreation - Emerald - P1/A5
Level 5-Photography for Recreation - Sapphire - P1/A5
Level 6- Photography for Recreation- Diamond - P1/A5
Level 7 Photography for Recreation - Elite Club P1/A5
Level 1 All Nature's Paradise (P/1 C/5)
Level 1 - Alpha - Post 1 / Award 4 (at least)
Level 1 Auto Focus ( P/1 C/5 )
Level 2 All Nature's Paradise (P/1 C/5)
My Gear and Me #1 - (Post 1 - Award 5)
My Gear and Me #2 - Premium (P1A5 Only Invited Photos!)
My Gear and Me #3 - Bronze Selection (P1A5 Only Invited Photos!)
My Gear and Me #4 - Silver Selection (P1A5 Only Invited Photos!)
My Gear and Me #5 - Gold Selection (P1A5 Only Invited Photos!)
My Gear And Me #6 - Platinum Exclusive Selection (P1A5 Invited!)
*Music To My Eyes*~L1 w/7 Levels ~Active Sweeper ! ~ P1 A5 ~
Nice As It Gets~Lev1 Post 1 Award 5
Nice As It Gets~Lev2 /Invite Only/Post 1 Award 5
Nice As It Gets~Lev3 /Invite Only/Post 1 Award 5
Nice As It Gets~Lev4 /Invite Only/Post 1 Award 5
Nice As It Gets~Lev5 /Invite Only/Post 1 Award 5
Nice As It Gets~Lev6 /Invite Only/ Post 1 Award 5
Nice As It Gets~Lev7 /Invite Only/Post 1 Award 5
Nice As It Gets~Lev8 All Stars /Invite Only /Post 1 Award 5
Nice As It Gets~Lev8 All Stars /Invite Only /Post 1 Award 5
*Peace Awards* POST 1 AWARD 5...SWEEPER SUPER ACTIVE
Questa foto è rock ( post 1/ comment 3 )
Rainbow of Nature Level 1 : RED (P1-A4)
Ring of Excellence (Post 1/Award 5) - SWEEPER ACTIVE
'Slice of Heaven L1 (P1-C5)
THE LOOK level 1 RED
THE LOOK level 2 YELLOW
THE LOOK level 3 ORANGE
THE LOOK level 4 PURPLE
Triple Ring of Excellence - Invite Only (P1/A5)
Visionary Arts Gallery L-1 (P1:A5)
Visionary Arts Gallery Level 2 (P1:A5)
Visionary Arts Gallery Level 3 (P1:A3)
Viva la Vida! Alma e Cuore (P1-A5)
VPU L01 (P1, A3)
VPU L02 (P1, A3)
VPU L03 (P1, A3)
VPU L04 (P1, A3)
VPU L05 (P1, A3)
VPU L06 (P1, A3)
VPU L07 (P1, A3)
VPU L08 (P1, A3)
VPU L09 (P1, A3)
! * Wonders of the world,historical valuables-Only invited-P1/C1
*WOW*(P1, A3) Level 1 (SWEEPER ACTIVE)
*WOW*(P1, A3) Level 2 (Admin Invite Only)
*WOW*(P1,A3) Level 3 (Admin Invite Only)
Loch Lomond Shores, Balloch
On UK roads, speed limits are still posted in miles per hour (mph) —a legacy of imperial units enshrined in legislation like the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984. Despite broader metrication, road signs remain resolutely imperial.
But on waterways, especially inland lochs like Loch Lomond, the story shifts. Boat speed limits are often posted in kilometres per hour (kph). This reflects:
Maritime and inland waterway conventions, which lean more heavily on metric units across Europe.
Safety signage managed by local authorities or national park bodies, who may adopt metric for consistency with boating regulations and international visitors.
Loch Lomond & The Trossachs National Park Authority, for instance, uses kph on its boating signs—e.g., 11 kph ( approximately 7 mph) in certain zones.
It’s a curious duality: mph on land, kph on water
2.8.08 - 153 / 17 / 64
View On Black www.flickriver.com/photos/10334788@N02
all rights reserved.
Thanks so much! ~hugs
Fort Lauderdale is a city in the U.S. state of Florida, 25 miles (40 km) north of Miami. It is the county seat of Broward County. As of the 2019 census, the city has an estimated population of 182,437. Fort Lauderdale is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area, which was home to an estimated 6,198,782 people in 2018.
The city is a popular tourist destination, with an average year-round temperature of 75.5 °F (24.2 °C) and 3,000 hours of sunshine per year. Greater Fort Lauderdale which takes in all of Broward County hosted 12 million visitors in 2012, including 2.8 million international visitors. The city and county in 2012 collected $43.9 million from the 5% hotel tax it charges, after hotels in the area recorded an occupancy rate for the year of 72.7 percent and an average daily rate of $114.48. The district has 561 hotels and motels comprising nearly 35,000 rooms. Forty six cruise ships sailed from Port Everglades in 2012. Greater Fort Lauderdale has over 4,000 restaurants, 63 golf courses, 12 shopping malls, 16 museums, 132 nightclubs, 278 parkland campsites, and 100 marinas housing 45,000 resident yachts.
Fort Lauderdale is named after a series of forts built by the United States during the Second Seminole War. The forts took their name from Major William Lauderdale (1782–1838), younger brother of Lieutenant Colonel James Lauderdale. William Lauderdale was the commander of the detachment of soldiers who built the first fort. However, development of the city did not begin until 50 years after the forts were abandoned at the end of the conflict. Three forts named "Fort Lauderdale" were constructed; the first was at the fork of the New River, the second at Tarpon Bend on the New River between the Colee Hammock and Rio Vista neighborhoods, and the third near the site of the Bahia Mar Marina.
The area in which the city of Fort Lauderdale would later be founded was inhabited for more than two thousand years by the Tequesta Indians. Contact with Spanish explorers in the 16th century proved disastrous for the Tequesta, as the Europeans unwittingly brought with them diseases, such as smallpox, to which the native populations possessed no resistance. For the Tequesta, disease, coupled with continuing conflict with their Calusa neighbors, contributed greatly to their decline over the next two centuries. By 1763, there were only a few Tequesta left in Florida, and most of them were evacuated to Cuba when the Spanish ceded Florida to the British in 1763, under the terms of the Treaty of Paris (1763), which ended the Seven Years' War. Although control of the area changed between Spain, United Kingdom, the United States, and the Confederate States of America, it remained largely undeveloped until the 20th century.
The Fort Lauderdale area was known as the "New River Settlement" before the 20th century. In the 1830s there were approximately 70 settlers living along the New River. William Cooley, the local Justice of the Peace, was a farmer and wrecker, who traded with the Seminole Indians. On January 6, 1836, while Cooley was leading an attempt to salvage a wrecked ship, a band of Seminoles attacked his farm, killing his wife and children, and the children's tutor. The other farms in the settlement were not attacked, but all the white residents in the area abandoned the settlement, fleeing first to the Cape Florida Lighthouse on Key Biscayne, and then to Key West.
The first United States stockade named Fort Lauderdale was built in 1838, and subsequently was a site of fighting during the Second Seminole War. The fort was abandoned in 1842, after the end of the war, and the area remained virtually unpopulated until the 1890s. It was not until Frank Stranahan arrived in the area in 1893 to operate a ferry across the New River, and the Florida East Coast Railroad's completion of a route through the area in 1896, that any organized development began. The city was incorporated in 1911, and in 1915 was designated the county seat of newly formed Broward County.
Fort Lauderdale's first major development began in the 1920s, during the Florida land boom of the 1920s. The 1926 Miami Hurricane and the Great Depression of the 1930s caused a great deal of economic dislocation. In July 1935, an African-American man named Rubin Stacy was accused of robbing a white woman at knife point. He was arrested and being transported to a Miami jail when police were run off the road by a mob. A group of 100 white men proceeded to hang Stacy from a tree near the scene of his alleged robbery. His body was riddled with some twenty bullets. The murder was subsequently used by the press in Nazi Germany to discredit US critiques of its own persecution of Jews, Communists, and Catholics.
When World War II began, Fort Lauderdale became a major US base, with a Naval Air Station to train pilots, radar operators, and fire control, operators. A Coast Guard base at Port Everglades was also established.
On July 4, 1961, African Americans started a series of protests, wade-ins, at beaches that were off-limits to them, to protest "the failure of the county to build a road to the Negro beach". On July 11, 1962, a verdict by Ted Cabot went against the city's policy of racial segregation of public beaches.
Today, Fort Lauderdale is a major yachting center, one of the nation's largest tourist destinations, and the center of a metropolitan division with 1.8 million people.
Credit for the data above is given to the following website:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Lauderdale,_Florida
© All Rights Reserved - you may not use this image in any form without my prior permission.
Birmingham Bolt--August 12, 1990
The first tenant of the 350-acre regional industrial park at Duffield, Va. opened in 1970. Westmoreland Coal Company was expanding production to the point it made good economic sense to invest in a facility to manufacture roof bolts.
Introduced in the late 1800’s and rising to prominence in North America throughout the 1940’s and 1950’s, roof bolting sought to combat the risk of roof fall injuries and fatalities in the underground mine and has since become a standard support method in mines worldwide. The roof bolting process and the equipment that facilitates it have constantly been evolving to improve the productivity and, most importantly, the safety of the underground mine.
Long bolts installed into the roof compress the layers of strata and suspend the weaker layers from a stronger layer above. Roof bolts, typically 6 - 8 feet long, are installed by workers using large roof bolting machines. There are different types of machines used for high, medium, and low coal seams.
The manufacturing process was quite simple. The uncut rods were delivered from a mill in the Birmingham area to Duffield in gons. The plates and other attachments were installed at the plant in Duffield with the rods made to the length for conditions in particular mines. The ends of the bolts were heated and formed into a head at the Duffield plant. The finished bolts were wrapped in bundles and placed on pallets and trucked to the mine site.
The plant closed in the 90s when Westmoreland exited southwestern Virginia. The rail spur was removed later. The building itself was most recently leased to AEP (American Electric Power) for warehousing of large components but is presently vacant.
The Frisco-based local had just delivered a few gon loads of rods from the steel mill in Alabama when I got this shot. That Southern Railway maintenance limit sign was common on every industrial spur. The maintenance of track beyond this sign was the responsibility of the industry.
Monasterio de Moreruela.
"Su fundación por San Froilán se expuso al catalogar los fragmentos en el primitivo sitio de Moreruela de Távara; luego, créese que fué arruinado; mas no tardó en reaparecer junto a la orilla contraria del Esla, sin que coste cuándo ni el por qué de esta traslación".
La primera noticia probable es una donación de Fernando I, en 1042, a cierto Keia Habse, por vida y luego al monasterio de Santiago Apóstol de Moreriola, de ciertas villas
"in territorio Lampriana", cuyos nombres y términos allí se consignan, y son cerca del actual edificio; además, infiriérese que existiría donde mismo hoy en 1107, al designarse "Morerola de ripa Stole de abbate don Fortes
", como límite del obispado de Zamora, cual sigue siéndolo aún. Probablemente hubo de ir muy a menos la fundación, y en breve se extinguiría, quedando desierto el sitio.
___ __________
AMIGOS DE ZAMORA.
INVITACION.
También estamos en Facebook
1995 Vauxhall Calibra 16v.
Last taxed in December 2022 and last MoT test expired in December 2021.
It failed a test in March 2022 -
Exhaust carbon monoxide content after 2nd fast idle exceeds default limits (8.2.1.2 (b)) - Major
Exhaust carbon monoxide content at idle exceeds default limits (8.2.1.2 (b)) - Major
"TAKE IT TO THE LIMIT"
If it all fell to pieces tomorrow
Would you still be mine?
I had a white standard poodle for 12 years. His name was Raffles. I don't think he ever looked at me like that. He also didn't spend much time being white. He was abou 8 months old when I took a job in Barcaldine, in Western Queensland and he used to run with the cattle dogs during the day. He thought he was a cattle dog.
Many thanks to all who take the time to view, comment and fave my picture. Thanks for your support.
"smile on saturday" and "crazy couples"!
Sorry for any problems with the photo. Flickr problems. Bad panda I think it said!
1. Taking pictures a tool (camera), not a photographer.
2. The choice of tool limits the possibilities.
3. Experience allows him (instrument) less and less to limit their capabilities.
4. The ability to see is given only when the observer allows ...
5. The moment of observation is the real find ...
6. Training and mastering it defies. Training leads to poor imitations of the original.
7. Often the result should ripen, like wine. Although time is the understanding of the mind, therefore it is very speculative.
8. The meaning of all this is the process!
9. Let it be!
youtu.be/2pQrWPpUN1U
www.facebook.com/oleg.pivovarchik.1971
listenwave.smugmug.com
#FilmOFone
Fort Lauderdale is a city in the U.S. state of Florida, 28 miles (45 km) north of Miami. It is the county seat of Broward County. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 165,521. It is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area, which was home to an estimated 6,012,331 people at the 2015 census.
The city is a popular tourist destination, with an average year-round temperature of 75.5 °F (24.2 °C) and 3,000 hours of sunshine per year. Greater Fort Lauderdale which takes in all of Broward County hosted 12 million visitors in 2012, including 2.8 million international visitors. The city and county in 2012 collected $43.9 million from the 5% hotel tax it charges, after hotels in the area recorded an occupancy rate for the year of 72.7 percent and an average daily rate of $114.48. The district has 561 hotels and motels comprising nearly 35,000 rooms. Forty-six cruise ships sailed from Port Everglades in 2012. Greater Fort Lauderdale has over 4,000 restaurants, 63 golf courses, 12 shopping malls, 16 museums, 132 nightclubs, 278 parkland campsites, and 100 marinas housing 45,000 resident yachts.
Fort Lauderdale is named after a series of forts built by the United States during the Second Seminole War. The forts took their name from Major William Lauderdale (1782–1838), younger brother of Lieutenant Colonel James Lauderdale. William Lauderdale was the commander of the detachment of soldiers who built the first fort. However, development of the city did not begin until 50 years after the forts were abandoned at the end of the conflict. Three forts named "Fort Lauderdale" were constructed; the first was at the fork of the New River, the second at Tarpon Bend on the New River between the Colee Hammock and Rio Vista neighborhoods, and the third near the site of the Bahia Mar Marina.
The area in which the city of Fort Lauderdale would later be founded was inhabited for more than two thousand years by the Tequesta Indians. Contact with Spanish explorers in the 16th century proved disastrous for the Tequesta, as the Europeans unwittingly brought with them diseases, such as smallpox, to which the native populations possessed no resistance. For the Tequesta, disease, coupled with continuing conflict with their Calusa neighbors, contributed greatly to their decline over the next two centuries. By 1763, there were only a few Tequesta left in Florida, and most of them were evacuated to Cuba when the Spanish ceded Florida to the British in 1763, under the terms of the Treaty of Paris (1763), which ended the Seven Years' War. Although control of the area changed between Spain, United Kingdom, the United States, and the Confederate States of America, it remained largely undeveloped until the 20th century.
The Fort Lauderdale area was known as the "New River Settlement" before the 20th century. In the 1830s there were approximately 70 settlers living along the New River. William Cooley, the local Justice of the Peace, was a farmer and wrecker, who traded with the Seminole Indians. On January 6, 1836, while Cooley was leading an attempt to salvage a wrecked ship, a band of Seminoles attacked his farm, killing his wife and children, and the children's tutor. The other farms in the settlement were not attacked, but all the white residents in the area abandoned the settlement, fleeing first to the Cape Florida Lighthouse on Key Biscayne, and then to Key West.
The first United States stockade named Fort Lauderdale was built in 1838, and subsequently was a site of fighting during the Second Seminole War. The fort was abandoned in 1842, after the end of the war, and the area remained virtually unpopulated until the 1890s. It was not until Frank Stranahan arrived in the area in 1893 to operate a ferry across the New River, and the Florida East Coast Railroad's completion of a route through the area in 1896, that any organized development began. The city was incorporated in 1911, and in 1915 was designated the county seat of newly formed Broward County.
Fort Lauderdale's first major development began in the 1920s, during the Florida land boom of the 1920s. The 1926 Miami Hurricane and the Great Depression of the 1930s caused a great deal of economic dislocation. In July 1935, an African-American man named Rubin Stacy was accused of robbing a white woman at knife point. He was arrested and being transported to a Miami jail when police were run off the road by a mob. A group of 100 white men proceeded to hang Stacy from a tree near the scene of his alleged robbery. His body was riddled with some twenty bullets. The murder was subsequently used by the press in Nazi Germany to discredit US critiques of its own persecution of Jews, Communists, and Catholics.
When World War II began, Fort Lauderdale became a major US base, with a Naval Air Station to train pilots, radar operators, and fire control operators. A Coast Guard base at Port Everglades was also established.
On July 4, 1961, African Americans started a series of protests, wade-ins, at beaches that were off-limits to them, to protest "the failure of the county to build a road to the Negro beach". On July 11, 1962, a verdict by Ted Cabot went against the city's policy of racial segregation of public beaches.
Today, Fort Lauderdale is a major yachting center, one of the nation's largest tourist destinations, and the center of a metropolitan division with 1.8 million people.
Credit for the data above is given to the following website:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Lauderdale,_Florida
© All Rights Reserved - you may not use this image in any form without my prior permission.